Dependence of compressive strength on phase assemblage in cement pastes: Beyond gel–space ratio — Experimental evidence and micromechanical modeling

Effect of Slag Reactivity Influenced by Alumina Content on Hydration of Composite Cements

“…It further indicates that all hydrates contribute to the reduction of the porosity and play the same role. This conclusion does not agree with that presented in (Termkhajornkit et al 2014) that C-S-H plays the critical role compared to others hydrates in contributing to the compressive strength of cement pastes and mortars. The results presented here demonstrates that C-S-H is the important phase because of its significant contribution to the total amount of hydrates and consequently to the reduction of the porosity (Fig.…”

Advances in understanding hydration of Portland cement

“…This is the basis of the gel space ratio approach of Powers and Brownyard [62] and refined by Termkhajornkit et al [63] Such approaches seem to work well at higher degrees of hydration (N 50-70%) and are coherent with the idea (Section 2.3) that by this stage all the "space" is filled by hydrates plus fine pores~8 nm. At earlier degrees of hydration, numerical approaches which consider the connection of the phases also work well [64].…”

A review of alternative approaches to the reduction of CO2 emissions associated with the manufacture of the binder phase in concrete

“…This complicates the use of GSR to predict strengths, especially for modern complex binder systems incorporating significant fractions of SCMs. But it has recently been shown [58] that the general form of this relationship can still be used if the volumes and roles of the various hydrates are correctly taken into account. By means of a homogenization approach (explained in detail in ref.…”