Dependence‐like behaviour in patients treated for medication overuse headache: A prospective open‐label randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Dependence‐like behaviour may complicate withdrawal and increase risk of relapse of medication overuse headache (MOH). The most effective treatment for reducing dependence‐like behaviour is unknown. Objectives To compare patient‐reported outcomes among three treatment strategies for MOH. The primary outcome was change in Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) score from baseline to 6 months. Methods Patients with MOH were randomized to (1) withdrawal combined with preventive medication from start (W+P), (2) preventive medication without withdrawal (P), or (3) withdrawal with optional preventive medication 2 months after withdrawal (W). At baseline, 2, and 6 months, patients filled out SDS (used for measurements of dependence‐like behaviour and treatment feasibility), Headache Under‐Response of Treatment (HURT) and WHO Quality of Life BREF questionnaires. Results Out of 120 patients with MOH, 100 completed the 6‐month follow‐up and filled out questionnaires. The W+P arm was the most effective in treating MOH. After 6 months, the SDS score was reduced by 3.69 (95% CI 3.23–4.49) in the W+P arm, by 3.19 (95% CI 2.43–3.96) in the W arm, and by 1.65 (95% CI 0.96–2.33) in the P arm (p = 0.04). At baseline and after 2 months, the P arm was considered the most feasible treatment, but at 6‐month follow‐up, there was no difference in feasibility score, change in HURT score, or quality of life. Conclusions Dependence‐like behaviour was reduced most in the two withdrawal arms. Withdrawal combined with preventive medication is recommended for the treatment of MOH. Significance Withdrawal combined with preventive medication from start is the treatment strategy that reduces dependence‐like behaviour the most in MOH patients. Patients initially considered preventive treatment without withdrawal as the most feasible treatment. However, no difference in feasibility between the three arms was found at 6‐month follow‐up. Withdrawal combined with preventive medication is recommended for treatment of MOH.

Treatment of medication overuse headache: Effect and predictors after 1 year—A randomized controlled trial

“…Although our hypothesis was that the treatment strategy including withdrawal with immediate preventive treatment would have the largest treatment effect, all three strategies proved equally effective after 1 year. However, as previously reported, the combination of withdrawal and preventive medication from the start led to the fastest improvement within the first 6 months, based on the number of patients with resolved MOH and number of patients reverting to episodic headache 6,7 . The most important message from this 1‐year follow‐up study is that this rapidly obtained effect in the W+P group is a long‐lasting and stable treatment effect.…”

“…There were no deviations from the original trial protocol, which is found in Supporting Information . Results from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up have already been published 6,7 . This paper focuses on the planned secondary analyses on outcomes after 1 year.…”

“…Results from baseline to 6-month follow-up have already been published. 6,7 This paper focuses on the planned secondary analyses on outcomes after 1 year.…”

“…Recently, we addressed some of these questions in an open‐label, randomized, controlled study comparing three treatment strategies for MOH: withdrawal and immediate preventive medication, preventive medication without withdrawal, and withdrawal therapy with delayed optional preventive medication after 2 months. We concluded that a combination of abrupt withdrawal and early preventive medication should be the recommended treatment strategy 6,7 …”

“…We concluded that a combination of abrupt withdrawal and early preventive medication should be the recommended treatment strategy. 6,7 Our first study had a 6-month follow-up period. In previous studies, between 13% and 41% of patients relapse within the first year after the start of the treatment for MOH.…”