Departure Rates and Reasons after Koon v. U.S.

Hofer, Paul J.; Martin, Willie; Montgomery, Pamela

doi:10.2307/20640008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Sentencing Commission also concluded (Tiede 2009). We are aware of only one examination of the Koon decision, which concluded that it had little effect on aggregate departure rates (Hofer, Martin, and Montgomery 1997). Figure 1 divides sentences into three categories-sentences within the guidelines range, downward departures, and upward departures-and graphs how the share of sentences for serious crimes represented by each category changes over time (substantial assistance departures are excluded).…”

Section: Departure Rates and Guidelines Sentencing Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Do Standards of Review Matter? The Case of Federal Criminal Sentencing

Fischman¹,

Schanzenbach²

2011

The Journal of Legal Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Departure Rates and Guidelines Sentencing Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Do Standards of Review Matter? The Case of Federal Criminal Sentencing

Fischman¹,

Schanzenbach²

2011

The Journal of Legal Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As my experimental methods teacher used to remark, sometimes all that is needed is the "inter-ocular traumatic test"-the finding just "hits you right between the eyes." Simple graphical analyses of monthly and quarterly trends in guideline departure rates have been published in previous articles and Sentencing Commission reports (Hofer et al, 1997;U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2003).…”

Section: Hofermentioning

confidence: 99%

UNITED STATES V. BOOKER AS A NATURAL EXPERIMENT: USING EMPIRICAL RESEARCH TO INFORM THE FEDERAL SENTENCING POLICY DEBATE*

Hofer¹

2007

Criminology & Public Policy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research Summary: In United States v. Booker, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the federal sentencing guidelines must be considered advisory, rather than mandatory, if they are to remain constitutional under the Sixth Amendment. Since the decision, the U.S. Sentencing Commission has provided policy makers with accurate and current data on changes and continuity in federal sentencing practices. Unlike previous changes in legal doctrine, Booker immediately increased the rates of upward and downward departures from the guideline range. Government‐sponsored downward departures remain the leading category of outside–the‐range sentences. The rate of within‐range sentences, although lower than in the period immediately preceding Booker, remains near rates observed earlier in the guidelines era. Despite the increase in departures, average sentence lengths for the overall caseload remain stable, because of offsetting increases in the seriousness of the crimes being sentenced and in the severity of penalties for those crimes. Analyses of the reasons that judges reported for downward departures suggest that treatment of criminal history and offender characteristics are the two leading areas of dissatisfaction with the guidelines. Policy Implications: Assessment of changes in sentencing practices following Booker by different observers depends partly on competing institutional perspectives and on different degrees of trust in the judgment of judges, prosecutors, the Sentencing Commission, and Congress. No agreement on whether Booker has bettered or worsened the system can be achieved until agreement exists on priorities among the purposes of sentencing and the goals of sentencing reform. Both this lack of agreement and an absence of needed data make consensus on Booker's effects on important sentencing goals, such as reduction of unwarranted disparity, unlikely in the near future. Similarly, lack of baseline data before Booker on the effectiveness of federal sentencing at crime control makes before‐after comparisons impossible. Despite these limitations, research provides a sounder framework for policy making than do anecdotes or speculation and sets valuable empirical parameters for the federal sentencing policy debate.

show abstract