Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesizing Cells in Peripheral Blood of Normal Human Beings

Bond, V.P.; Cronkite, Eugene P.; Fliedner, Theodor M.; Schork, P.

doi:10.1126/science.128.3317.202

Cited by 115 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Labeling was limited to a small fraction of medium to large sized mononuclear or lymphoid cells. This is in close agreement with other labeling studies in human PB (29,30). In unfractionated BM, it was noted in the present experiments that after 1 h of in vitro incubation with 3HTdR, cells of all series were labeled.…”

Section: Human Bone Marrow Lymphocytessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The spontaneous synthesis of DNA by a cell indicates that the cell possesses proliferative capacity or the potential to divide under the proper conditions, since it is felt that DNA is synthesized by cells only in preparation for cell division (28)(29)(30). This measurement of spontaneous DNA synthesis has been employed to estimate the life span or state of maturation of cell populations (28)(29)(30). To determine the spontaneous DNA synthesis and hence the relative proliferative capacities of T and B lymphocytes in the BM and PB, cell suspensions from eight sub; ects were incubated with tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) (6.7 Ci/mM, New England Nuclear, Boston, Mass.)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals.

Fauci¹

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T This study was undertaken to determine the proportions and in vitro immune capacities of lymphocyte populations in the bone marrows of normal humans. Relatively pure mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained from bone marrow aspirates by linear sucrose gradient centrifugations. Simultaneous peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens from each individual were assayed for lymphocyte surface markers and mitogen responsiveness. Maximal possible contamination of bone marrow aspirates by peripheral blood was determined by performing aspirates on individuals who had received 5'chromium-labeled autologous erythrocytes. Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, as determined by the sheep red blood cell (E) rosette assay, comprised 8.6-(±1.6) % of the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool.Bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, as determined by the presence of a complement receptor, made up 15.4-(+1.9) % of the lymphocyte pool whereas 74.6(±2.4) % of mononuclear cells lacked easily detectable surface markers. These findings could not be explained by contamination with peripheral blood lymphocytes since contamination was corrected for in the calculations. Lymphocyte-enriched suspensions of bone marrow cells responded to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and particularly pokeweed mitogen. In vitro incubations of bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes with tritiated thymidine followed by determinations of E and erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosettes were performed. Simultaneous rosetteradioautographs demonstrated that the proliferative potential of bone marrow B lymphocytes was greater than peripheral blood B lymphocytes (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the proliferative potential of bone marrow T

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Section: Human Bone Marrow Lymphocytessupporting

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals.

Fauci¹

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Such a combination was used in the hope of eliciting a peripheral blood reaction. Several lymphocyte preparations were studied in each case immediately before the study was undertaken, and it was established that all four subjects had the expected low numbers of DNA-synthesizing cells present in normal subjects (20). Samples were taken at the time of immunization, and every 2-3 days thereafter for up to 12 days, and a final lymphocyte preparation was examined 1 month after immunization.…”

Section: Studies Of a Combined Antigenic Stimulation--four Normal Vomentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphoid Cellular Responses in the Blood After Immunization in Man

Crowther¹,

Fairley²,

Sewell³

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A combined morphological and metabolic study has been made of the lymphoid cells in the blood during the immune response in man. Similar changes were observed in both primary and secondary responses to a number of different microbial antigens. The cellular response involved an increase in numbers of three types of cell; hyperbasophilic medium lymphocytes, plasma cells, and large lymphoid cells. The large lymphoid cells were about 20 µ in diameter with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and an intensely basophilic cytoplasm with numerous polyribosomes. About 30% of these cells were in the DNA synthetic phase of cell growth. Electron microscopy has shown that many of the basophilic medium-sized cells have sufficient well-organized endoplasmic reticulum to be included in the plasma cell series. The hyperbasophilic cells labeled more heavily with tritiated uridine and tritiated leucine than the normal small and medium lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients not under antigenic stimulation. The evidence in this paper supports the argument that the atypical mononuclear cells first described by Türk and others in the blood of patients with infections are immunoblasts, plasma cells, and other reactive lymphoid cells representing a circulating population of lymphoid cells derived from lymphoid tissue responding to antigenic stimulation. The presence of such cells may be a valuable indication that an immunological reaction is in progress when direct proof is lacking.

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“…Treatments were performed immediately after the separation of the plasma containing lymphocytes from whole blood, thereby for all practical purposes eliminating cells in stages other than G 1 (Bond, Cronkite, Fliedner and Schork 1958). Dicentric chromosomes were used as index for completed repair (Merz and Prempree 1966).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Repair Time of Chromosome Breaks Induced by Pulsed X-rays of Ultra-high Dose-rate

Prempree

Michelsen

Merz

1969

International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies

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IntroductionIt was first cited by Sax (1939) that at a given dose of x-ray the frequency of two-hit-type chromosome aberrations decreased with decreasing dose rates. This led Sax (1939Sax ( , 1940 to carry out fractionation experiments which indicated that the exchange process was the result of interaction of induced breaks that were time and space dependent. Subsequently, Wolff demonstrated that chromosome breakage and repair were separable but related events (Wolff and Atwood 1954). Wolff again showed that exchange formation between breaks (lesions) induced by two fractions of x-ray was dependent on their being present at the same time. That is, no repair of breaks (lesions) created by the first fraction had taken place before the production of subsequent breaks (lesions). Changes in dose-rate at a given dose did not appear to alter the amount of primary breakage but rather limited the opportunity for repair. The experiment performed by Brewen (1963), using Chinese hamster corneal epithelium, indicated that at a total dose of 50 or 100 R, the observed chromosomal breaks were highest when dose-rate was 600 R/min and significantly lower when it was 2 R/min. However, when cells were pre-treated with puromycin (an inhibitor of protein synthesis), the total breaks induced by each dose-rate, 2 R/min, and 600 R/min, were the same (Brewen 1963). It seemed then that the primary chromosomal breaks (lesions) at the doses studied were the same regardless of the dose-rate used but that subsequent repair of the breaks (lesions) seemed to be responsible for the variation in the number of observed aberrations. Repair then seems to be a more successful process when x-ray treatments are given at a very low dose-rate and vice versa. It should follow then that ultra-high dose-rate might result in increases in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. On the contrary, Kirby-Smith and Dolphin (1958) found that two-hit aberrations were only 40-50 per cent of the frequency seen at a dose-rate of 1 x 106 rads/sec when the rate was increased to 4 x 108 rads/sec and the treatments given in air. Moreover the difference in two-hit yields produced by the different dose-rates did not exist when the studies were performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The difference in the observed results was, therefore, ascribed to temporary and partial anoxia induced by the high dose-rate (Thoday and Read 1947) rather than the possible recombination of secondary organic free radicals. Michelsen in his recent study comparing the effect of the dose-rate between 2.7 x 1012 R/min (4.5 x 1010 R/sec) and 100 R/min, has also observed results that showed that

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesizing Cells in Peripheral Blood of Normal Human Beings

Cited by 115 publications

References 8 publications

Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals.

Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals.

Lymphoid Cellular Responses in the Blood After Immunization in Man

The Repair Time of Chromosome Breaks Induced by Pulsed X-rays of Ultra-high Dose-rate

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