The araBAD promoter is defined, in part, by two types of cis-acting constitutive mutations, araIf at position -35 and araXY at position -10. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that the araI`and aralIXY promoters require DNA sequence information out to position -53 to -56 for maximum constitutive expression. This is 8 to 10 base pairs more DNA than is generally thought to be necessary for RNA polymerase interaction. The -53 to -56 region is required for glucose repression, suggesting that an additional factor interacts in this region and is necessary for maximum expression.