Deoxyribonuclease I sensitivity of the nontranscribed sequences flanking the 5' and 3' ends of the ovomucoid gene and the ovalbumin and its related X and Y genes in hen oviduct nuclei

Lawson, George M.; Tsai, Ming‐Jer; O’Malley, Bert W.

doi:10.1021/bi00560a004

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The disappearance of cleavage site F and the concomittant appearance of site G occurs both in erythrocyte and oviduct chromatins (see below); these alterations suggest that, irrespective of the (0) activity of the ovalbumin gene, some "structural" protein(s) could be bound to this region of the chicken genome in both erythrocyte and oviduct cells, protecting cleavage site F and "inducing" the new site G. Absence of a "normal" nucleosomal pattern in the S '-end flanking region of the active ovalbumin gene in laying hen oviduct Ovalbumin gene chromatin is preferentially digested by DNase I and micrococcal nuclease when the gene is expressed (Bellard et al, 1977(Bellard et al, , 1980Bloom and Anderson, 1979;Garel and Axel, 1976;Kuo et al, 1979;Lawson et al, 1980;Senear and Palmiter, 1981). These modifications extend on both sides of this gene (Bellard et al, 1980;Lawson et al, 1980). The 5'-end flanking region of the gene is more sensitive to DNase I and micrococcal nuclease digestion than the inactive f3-globin gene (Bellard et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the typical chromatin structure in a 2500 base-pair region at the 5′ end of the actively transcribed ovalbumin gene.

Bellard¹,

Dretzen²,

Bellard³

et al. 1982

The EMBO Journal

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We examined the chromatin organization of -3 kb of DNA in the 5' -end flanking region of the ovalbumin gene in chicken erythrocyte and oviduct cell nuclei. With specific DNA probes and an indirect end-labeling technique, we analysed the pattern of the DNA fragments obtained after micrococcal nuclease digestion and generated comparative maps of the nuclease cuts. This region of the chicken genome displays a "typical" chromatin arrangement in erythrocyte nuclei, with nucleosomes apparently positioned at random. In contrast, in oviduct nuclei, the same region has an "altered" chromatin structure, and lacks a typical nucleosomal array. The existence of specifically positioned proteins and of alterations in the DNA secondary structure in this region of the oviduct chromatin is suggested by comparison of the nuclease cleavage maps which reveals specific changes: disappearance of nuclease cuts present in "naked" and erythrocyte chromatin DNAs, and appearance of new cuts absent from these DNAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the typical chromatin structure in a 2500 base-pair region at the 5′ end of the actively transcribed ovalbumin gene.

Bellard¹,

Dretzen²,

Bellard³

et al. 1982

The EMBO Journal

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“…Increased sensitivity to nucleases by active genes has been shown in a variety of systems, including endogenous cellular genes (11,14,17,30,32,36,42,47) and integrated viral genes (9,10,21). For those genes that are expressed differentially, the presence of DNase I sensitivity is correlated only with active tissue (32,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas all endogenous DNA sequences are organized into nucleosomes in chromatin (12), two levels of chromatin modification have been associated with gene activity. Transcriptionally active genes are packaged into nucleosomes with an altered structure that renders the associated DNA preferentially susceptible to cleavage by certain nucleases, especially to DNase I (14,17,30,32,36,42,44,47). In addition, there is evidence that the level of DNA methylation may also be correlated with gene expression (see reference 23 for review).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential expression of porcine major histocompatibility DNA sequences introduced into mouse L cells.

Satz¹,

Singer²

1983

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The expression of a porcine genomic DNA segment containing a major histocompatibility gene and its chromatin structure in mouse L cells have been investigated. The transformed cells, which contain about two copies of the 17.8-kilobase pig DNA insert per haploid genome, stably and uniformly express major histocompatibility antigen on their surfaces. This expression is the result of differential transcription of the 3-kilobase major histocompatibility gene; the other 14 kilobases of pig sequences flanking the coding sequence are not transcribed. Although the entire pig DNA segment is packaged into nucleosomes, only the transcriptionally active DNA sequences are packaged in a DNase I-sensitive conformation. These results suggest that the expression of this foreign DNA is actively regulated in L cells.The ability to introduce foreign DNA into mouse L cells (26) provides a unique system in which to study the regulation of gene expression, particularly of isolated members of a multigene family. Although information on the expression, integration, and nucleosomal packaging of selectable genes, such as the thymidine kinase gene (tk), is emerging (1, 3, 24), little is known about the regulation of expression of nonselected transfected genes. In some cases, such transfected genes are expressed; in other cases, they are not.Expressed endogenous DNA sequences can be distinguished by both their chromatin structure and transcription. Whereas all endogenous DNA sequences are organized into nucleosomes in chromatin (12), two levels of chromatin modification have been associated with gene activity. Transcriptionally active genes are packaged into nucleosomes with an altered structure that renders the associated DNA preferentially susceptible to cleavage by certain nucleases, especially to DNase I (14,17,30,32,36,42,44,47). In addition, there is evidence that the level of DNA methylation may also be correlated with gene expression (see reference 23 for review).The isolation of a porcine genomic clone (PD1) encoding a pig major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen (SLAd) has recently been described (28). The gene contained within this clone is a member of a multigene family comprised of 5 to 10 closely related genes. When mouse L cells are cotransformed with tk gene and PD1 DNA but selected for tk, they expressed an SLAd antigen, as shown both by direct immunoprecipitation and by complementdependent cytotoxicity (28). Since the expression of the SLA gene is not necessary for the survival of the cell, these transformed cells provide a system for studying the expression and chromatin packaging of both the MHC gene and its flanking sequences.The pig DNA segment contained in PD1 spans 17.8 kilobases (kb) of which about 3 kb consists of the MHC gene. The remainder of the DNA segment contains members of different genomic families of moderately and highly repetitive DNA (29). In this paper, we have investigated the transcription and chromatin organization of the pig MHC DNA segment introduced into mouse L cells. We show that whereas the enti...

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“…DNase I sensitivity extends far upstream and downstream from the coding region for a gene (Stalder et al, 1980a, b ;Bellard et al, 1980 ;Lawson et al, 1980 ;Storb et al, 19811. In addition, this nuclease does not simply distinguish actively transcribing genes, but also those genes which have been transcribed, or will be transcribed during some later stage of development (see review : Weisbrod, 1982 (Mathis et al, 1980 ;Lawson et al, 1980 ;Stalder et al, 1980a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this nuclease does not simply distinguish actively transcribing genes, but also those genes which have been transcribed, or will be transcribed during some later stage of development (see review : Weisbrod, 1982 (Mathis et al, 1980 ;Lawson et al, 1980 ;Stalder et al, 1980a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of gene expression by steroid hormones

Béchet¹

1986

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Deoxyribonuclease I sensitivity of the nontranscribed sequences flanking the 5' and 3' ends of the ovomucoid gene and the ovalbumin and its related X and Y genes in hen oviduct nuclei

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Disruption of the typical chromatin structure in a 2500 base-pair region at the 5′ end of the actively transcribed ovalbumin gene.

Disruption of the typical chromatin structure in a 2500 base-pair region at the 5′ end of the actively transcribed ovalbumin gene.

Differential expression of porcine major histocompatibility DNA sequences introduced into mouse L cells.

Control of gene expression by steroid hormones

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