Deoxynivalenol (DON) naturally contaminated feed impairs the immune response induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) live attenuated vaccine

Savard, Christian; Gagnon, Carl A.; Chorfi, Younès

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.069

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In this study, DON-ingestion did not influence the number of log copies detected in the M. hyopneumoniae infected animals. Similarly, Savard et al [ 61 ] did not observe an effect of DON-contamination on the presence of viral RNA, measured with qPCR, in PRRSv-infected pigs. It is not clear why the obtained effects of dietary DON vary among experiments, It might be explained by different factors such as starting weight or age of the pigs, the contamination source of DON (natural versus artificial contamination), presence of other known or unknown undetected fungal metabolites or pathogens, duration of the study (adaptation), number of pigs used in the study, gender of the pigs, health status, nutritional balance of the pig and statistical design of the study [ 10 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…More research is needed to investigate this relationship in pigs, for instance by in vitro tests on pig tracheal explants. On the other hand discrepancies have been reported between in vivo (higher viremia in pigs exposed to DON in the feed) and in vitro (decreased PRRSv replication in MARC-cells) effects of DON on PRRSv [ 18 , 61 ], thus extrapolation of in vitro results to in vivo effects has to be done cautiously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly prevalent in cereals in moderate climates and therefore pigs are often exposed to a DON-contaminated diet. Pigs are highly susceptible to DON and intake of DON-contaminated feed may lead to an altered immune response and may influence the pathogenesis of specific bacterial diseases. Therefore, the maximum guidance level in feed is lowest in this species and has been set at 900 μg/kg feed by the European Commission. This study aimed to determine the effect of in-feed administration of a moderately high DON concentration (1514 μg/kg) on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) infection in weaned piglets. Fifty M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were assigned at 30 days of age [study day (D)0] to four different groups: 1) negative control group (NCG; n = 5), 2) DON-contaminated group (DON; n = 15), 3) DON-contaminated and M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (DONMHYO; n = 15), 4) M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (MHYO; n = 15). The piglets were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for five weeks and were monitored during this period and euthanized at day 35 [27 days post infection (DPI)] or 36 (28 DPI). The main parameters under investigation were macroscopic lung lesions (MLL) at euthanasia, respiratory disease score (RDS) from day 8 until day 35, histopathologic lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA detected by qPCR, determined at the day of euthanasia.ResultsNo significant difference was obtained for MLL at euthanasia, RDS (8–35), histopathologic lung lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in the DONMHYO and MHYO group and consequently, no enhancement of the severity of the M. hyopneumoniae infection could be detected in the DONMHYO compared to the MHYO group.ConclusionsUnder present conditions, the findings imply that feed contaminated with DON (1514 μg/kg) provided to weaned pigs for five weeks did not increase the severity of an experimental M. hyopneumoniae infection. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of DON on M. hyopneumoniae infections in a multi-mycotoxin and multi-pathogen environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

et al. 2018

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“…Likewise, feeding pigs a DON-contaminated diet was shown to inhibit the vaccination efficiency of PRRSV modified live vaccine by severely impairing viral replication ( Savard et al., 2015a ).…”

Section: Consequence Of Mycotoxin Induced Immunomodulation For Pig Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mycotoxin on immune response and consequences for pig health

2016

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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites detected in many agricultural commodities, especially cereals. Due to their high consumption of cereals, pigs are exposed to these toxins. In the European Union, regulations and/or recommendations exist in pig feed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone, and trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin. These mycotoxins have different toxic effects, but they all target the immune system. They have immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects depending on the toxin, the concentration and the parameter investigated. The immune system is primarily responsible for defense against invading organisms. The consequences of the ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feed are an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, a reactivation of chronic infection and a decreased vaccine efficacy. In this review we summarized the data available on the effect of mycotoxins on the immune system and the consequences for pig health.

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“…Following intestinal absorption, DON reaches the liver via the portal vein. As both, intestine and liver with their quickly proliferating cells, have a high protein turnover rate (Savard et al 2015 ), they are considered as DON-sensitive organs (Ueno 1984 ). Following oral consumption of DON, negative effects on liver and serum parameters were found (D’Mello et al 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its microbial biotransformation product deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) on a trout, pig, mouse, and human cell line

Mayer¹,

Novak²,

Springler³

et al. 2017

Mycotoxin Res

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Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene produced by various Fusarium species, is one of the most prevalent food- and feed-associated mycotoxins. The effects of DON and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) were assessed in five different cell lines from different tissues and species starting from the first line of defense, the trout gill (RTgill-W1) and pig intestinal cells (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) over immune cells, as second line of defense (mouse macrophages RAW 264.7) to human liver cells (HepG2). Viability was assessed with a WST-1 assay, except for RTgill-W1, where a neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was performed. Additionally, more sensitive parameters, such as interleukin-, nitric oxide (NO)-, and albumin-release were determined. Viability was affected by DON at concentrations starting at 10 μmol/L (RTgill-W1), 0.9 μmol/L (IPEC-1), 3.5 μmol/L (IPEC-J2), and 0.9 μmol/L (HepG2), whereas DOM-1 did not have such an effect. Additionally, NO was decreased (0.84 μmol/L DON), whereas interleukin (IL)-6 was increased (0.42 μmol/L DON) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DON-, but not DOM-1-treated RAW cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release, however, was not affected. Interestingly, albumin secretion of HepG2 cells was decreased by both DON and DOM-1 but at a much higher concentration for DOM-1 (228 versus 0.9 μmol/L for DON). 98.9% of DOM-1 was retrieved by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at the end of the experiment, proving its stability. In this study, IL-6 was the most sensitive parameter, followed by NO and albumin release and viability for HepG2 and IPEC-1.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) naturally contaminated feed impairs the immune response induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) live attenuated vaccine

Abstract: 13Cereal commodities are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins produced by the

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

Impact of mycotoxin on immune response and consequences for pig health

Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its microbial biotransformation product deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) on a trout, pig, mouse, and human cell line

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