Denudation rates in northeast Papua from potassium-argon dating of lavas

Ruxton, Bryan P.; McDougall, Ian

doi:10.2475/ajs.265.7.545

Cited by 72 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…As has been previously shown (e.g. Ruxton and McDougall, 1967;Drake, 1976;Ollier, 1988;Karátson, 1996) initial erosion rates up to 1000 mm/ka (i.e. 1000 m/Ma) or higher can be attributed to the presence of unconsolidated volcanic material and the lack of vegetation on steep (up to~30°) slopes.…”

Section: Erosion Controlled By Age and Climatementioning

confidence: 81%

Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis

2012

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Section: Erosion Controlled By Age and Climatementioning

confidence: 81%

Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis

2012

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“…Erosion rate of the fine-grained basaltic rocks strongly depends on climatic conditions. Under tropical-humid conditions, Pleistocene basaltic latite, trachybasalte and dacite of a shield volcano complex in Papua New Guinea experienced high denudation rates dependent on height and slope angle (Table 2; Ruxton and McDougall 1967). The Vogelsberg, a Miocene basaltic shield volcano in Germany, measures 60 km in diameter, but only 770 m in height (Bogaard and Wörner 2003).…”

Section: Topography-forming and -Levelling Volcanic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, stratovolcanoes may experience mass wasting processes such as landslide or sector collapse. Obviously, with high and steep volcanic edifices, denudation rates change from high values during the initial stage of erosion to low numbers during the final levelling (Ruxton and McDougall 1967;Francis 1983). Table 2 summarizes denudation rates from various volcanic edifices and fields under different climatic conditions.…”

Section: Topography-forming and -Levelling Volcanic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleozoic volcanism in the central part of the Southern Permian Basin (NE Germany, W Poland): facies distribution and volcano-topographic hiati

Geißler

Breitkreuz

Kiersnowski

2008

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…The edifices may, at least partly, be degraded before the core complex is exposed, or the core may come to the surface in an early stage of degradation. We emphasize that intense initial erosion, up to several thousand millimeters per thousand years (Ruxton and McDougall 1967;Ollier and Brown 1971;Ollier 1988;Mairine and Bachèlery 1997), may slow dramatically once vegetation covers the entire surface (Segerstrom 1950;Inbar et al 1995). Under temperate continental climate in the Carpathians, volcanoes may be eroded at a rate of no more than 30 m/Ma for tens of millions of years (Karát-son 1996).…”

Section: Degradation and Drainage Of Volcanic Edificesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Erosion calderas: origins, processes, structural and climatic control

Karátson¹,

Thouret

Moriya

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

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The origin and development of erosion-modified, erosion-transformed, and erosion-induced depressions in volcanic terrains are reviewed and systematized. A proposed classification, addressing terminology issues, considers structural, geomorphic, and climatic factors that contribute to the topographic modification of summit or flank depressions on volcanoes. Breaching of a closed crater or caldera generated by volcanic or non-volcanic processes results in an outlet valley. Under climates with up to F2000-2500 mm annual rainfall, craters, and calderas are commonly drained by a single outlet. The outlet valley can maintain its dominant downcutting position because it quickly enlarges its drainage basin by capturing the area of the primary depression. Multi-drained volcanic depressions can form if special factors, e.g., high-rate geological processes, such as faulting or glaciation, suppress fluvial erosion. Normal (fluvial) erosion-modified volcanic depressions the circular rim of which is derived from the original rim are termed erosion craters or erosion calderas, depending on the pre-existing depression. The resulting landform should be classed as an erosion-induced volcanic depression if the degradation of a cluster of craters produces a single-drained, irregular-shaped basin, or if flank erosion results in a quasiclosed depression. Under humid climates, craters and calderas degrade at a faster rate. Mostly at subtropical and tropical ocean-island and island-arc volcanoes, their erosion results in so-called amphitheater valleys that develop under heavy rainfall ( 1 F2500 mm/year), rainstorms, and high-elevation differences. Structural and lithological control, and groundwater in ocean islands, may in turn preform and guide development of high-energy valleys through rockfalls, landsliding, mudflows, and mass wasting. Given the intense erosion, amphitheater valleys are able to breach a primary depression from several directions and degrade the summit region at a high rate. Occasionally, amphitheater valleys may create summit depressions without a pre-existing crater or caldera. The resulting, negative landforms, which may drain in several directions and the primary origin of which is commonly unrecognizable, should be included in erosion-transformed volcanic depressions.

show abstract

Denudation rates in northeast Papua from potassium-argon dating of lavas

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis

Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis

Late Paleozoic volcanism in the central part of the Southern Permian Basin (NE Germany, W Poland): facies distribution and volcano-topographic hiati

Erosion calderas: origins, processes, structural and climatic control

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