Denudation history of the continental margin of western peninsular India since the early Mesozoic – reconciling apatite fission-track data with geomorphology

Gunnell, Yanni; Gallagher, Kerry; Carter, Andrew; Widdowson, Mike; Hurford, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00380-7

Cited by 125 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…The AFTT data suggest between 3 and 4 km of denudation close to the coast, but AFTT data from further inland on the coastal plain suggest more modest amounts of unroofing of between 1.5km and 2.5km (Gunnell et al, 2003). Data from apatite fission track thermochronometry along the west coast of India are thus more consistent with the elevated rift flank model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The onshore volume of denuded material is then compared to the volume of clastic material present offshore. (Gunnell et al, 2003) and Cenozoic denudation rates constrained from the mass balance analysis (grey bars). The mass balance analysis highlights two increases in denudation, one phase at the beginning of the Cenozoic and a second younger phase in the Pliocene.…”

Section: (B) Figures and Captionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, numerical surface process modelling incorporating initial rift flank uplift or an isostatic response to denudational unloading generates margin morphologies analogous to the elevated rift flank model (Gunnell & Fleitout, 1998. Apatite fission track thermochronometry (AFTT) has been employed to quantify the rate and timing of denudation on the margin (Kalaswad et al, 1993;Gunnell et al, 2003). AFT data from coastal areas were reset at the start of the Palaeocene indicate ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentation record in the Konkan–Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin

et al. 2007

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The Konkan and Kerala Basins constitute a major depocentre for sediment from the onshore hinterland of Western India and as such provide a valuable record of the timing and magnitude of Cenozoic denudation along the continental margin. This paper presents an analysis of sedimentation in the Konkan-Kerala basin, coupled with a mass balance study, and numerical modelling of flexural responses to onshore denudational unloading and offshore sediment loading in order to test competing conceptual models for the development of high-elevation passive margins. The Konkan-Kerala basin contains an estimated 109,000 km 3 of Cenozoic clastic sediment, a volume difficult to reconcile with the denudation of a downwarped rift flank onshore, and more consistent with denudation of an elevated rift flank. We infer from modelling of the isostatic response of the lithosphere to sediment loading offshore and denudation onshore infer that flexure is an important component in the development of the Western Indian Margin. There is evidence for two major pulses in sedimentation: an early phase in the Palaeocene, and a second beginning in the Pliocene. The Palaeocene increase in sedimentation can be interpreted in terms of a denudational response to the rifting between India and the Seychelles, whereas the mechanism responsible for the Pleistocene pulse is more enigmatic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: (B) Figures and Captionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentation record in the Konkan–Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin

et al. 2007

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“…Both processes result in a mixing of skeletal components representing different environments and can form vast shell beds (Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Donato et al, 2008). Synsedimentary uplift of the KMU block indicates that tsunamis may have been triggered by seismic activity at the northwestern margin of India, which was related to transpressional tectonics in response to the convergent movement of Asia and India during the late Oligocene (Shanker, 2001;Gunnell et al, 2003;Sheth, 2007). Since most of the research on tsunami deposits focuses on onshore areas and siliciclastic coasts and most established criteria also apply for storm deposits (e.g.…”

Section: Origin Of Event Deposits: Tempestite Versus Tsunamitementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclone trends constrain monsoon variability during late Oligocene sea level highstands (Kachchh Basin, NW India)

et al. 2013

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Climate change has an unknown impact on tropical cyclones and the Asian monsoon. Herein we present a sequence of fossil shell beds from the shallow-marine Maniyara Fort Formation (Kachcch Basin) as a recorder of tropical cyclone activity along the NW Indian coast during the late Oligocene warming period (~ 27–24 Ma). Proxy data providing information about the atmospheric circulation dynamics over the Indian subcontinent at this time are important since it corresponds to a major climate reorganization in Asia that ends up with the establishment of the modern Asian monsoon system at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary. The vast shell concentrations are comprised of a mixture of parautochthonous and allochthonous assemblages indicating storm-generated sediment transport from deeper to shallow water during third-order sea level highstands. Three distinct skeletal assemblages were distinguished, each recording a relative storm wave base. (1) A shallow storm wave base is shown by nearshore molluscs, reef corals and Clypeaster echinoids; (2) an intermediate storm wave base depth is indicated by lepidocyclinid foraminifers, Eupatagus echinoids and corallinacean algae; and (3) a deep storm wave base is represented by an Amussiopecten bivalve-Schizaster echinoid assemblage. These wave base depth estimates were used for the reconstruction of long-term tropical storm intensity during the late Oligocene. The development and intensification of cyclones over the recent Arabian Sea is primarily limited by the atmospheric monsoon circulation and strength of the associated vertical wind shear. Therefore, since the topographic boundary conditions for the Indian monsoon already existed in the late Oligocene, the reconstructed long-term cyclone trends were interpreted to reflect monsoon variability during the initiation of the Asian monsoon system. Our results imply an active monsoon over the Eastern Tethys at ~ 26 Ma followed by a period of monsoon weakening during the peak of the late Oligocene global warming (~ 24 Ma)

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“…P1 Myr) would have influenced the balance between both weathering and erosion processes, hence denudation processes, but not enough to strip off the landforms as it has occurred in the sub-humid and arid part in South India (i.e. the Kabini River basin, case of Mule Hole SEW) (Gunnell, 1998;Gunnell et al, 2003;Braun et al, 2009).…”

Section: Implication On the Long-term Evolution Of Lateritic Terrainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

Braun

Maréchal

Riotte

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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International audienceThe comparison between contemporary and long-term weathering has been carried out in the Small Experimental Watershed (SEW) of Nsimi, South Cameroon in order to quantify the export fluxes of major and trace elements and the residence time of the lateritic weathering cover. We focus on the hillside system composed of a thick lateritic weathering cover topped by a soil layer. This study is built on the recent improvements of the hillside hydrological functioning and on the analyses of major and trace elements. The mass balance calculation at the weathering horizon scale performed with the parent rock as reference indicates (i) strong depletion profiles for alkalis (Na, K, Rb) and alkaline earths (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), (ii) moderate depletion profiles for Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co, (iii) depletion/enrichment profiles for Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb, LREE, HREE, Y, U, Fe, V, Cr, Mn. It is noteworthy that (i) Mn and Ce are not significantly redistributed according to oxidative processes as it is the case for Fe, V and Cr, and (ii) Ge is fractionated compared to silica with enrichment in Fe-rich horizons. The calculations performed for the topsoil with iron crust as parent material reference reveal that the degradation of the iron crust is accompanied by the loss of most of the constituting elements, among which are those specifically accumulated as the redox sensitive elements (Fe, V, Cr) and iron oxide related elements like Th. The overall current elemental fluxes from the hillside system at the springs and the seepage zones are extremely low due to the inert lateritic mineralogy. 94% of the whole Na flux generated from the hillside corrected from atmospheric deposits (77 mol/ha/yr) represents the current weathering rates of plagioclase (oligoclase) in the system, the other remaining 6% may be attributed to the dissolution of hornblende. The silica hillside flux is 300 mol/ha/yr and can be mostly attributed to the plagioclase and kaolinite dissolution. Al and Ga are exported from the lateritic regolith and maybe due to the dissolution of kaolinite crystals. Compared to the other immobile elements (Zr, Hf, Nb and Th), Ti is significantly exported. Among redox-sensitive elements (Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Ce), only Ce and Mn are exported out of the hillside system. The other elements (Fe, V, Cr) are likely able to be mobilized but over a short distance only. Rb , Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, Zn are affected by export processes. LREE and Y are exported but in very low amounts (in the range from µmol/ha/yr to mmol/ha/yr) while HREE and U are exported in negligible quantities. A first attempt is carried out to compare the mature ridge top profile from Nsimi SEW with the immature ridge top weathering profile from the Mule Hole SEW (South India), developed on similar granodioritic basement, in order to get deeper insight into (i) the contemporary saprolite production rates and (ii) the combined effect of precipitation (in terms of Mean Annual Rainfall, MAR) and evapotranspiration on the aggressiveness of the draining solutions. Consider...

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Denudation history of the continental margin of western peninsular India since the early Mesozoic – reconciling apatite fission-track data with geomorphology

Cited by 125 publications

References 33 publications

Sedimentation record in the Konkan–Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin

Sedimentation record in the Konkan–Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin

Cyclone trends constrain monsoon variability during late Oligocene sea level highstands (Kachchh Basin, NW India)

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

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