Dents de Rennes, Bois de Rennes et migrations

Bouchud, Jean

doi:10.3406/bspf.1954.3108

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…. Non-shed antlers and birth seasonality of reindeers provide more information about seasonal slaughter and human occupations (Bouchud, 1954;Murray, 1993;Lincoln, Tyler, 1994) (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidences about human activities during the first part of the Upper Pleniglacial in Ukraine from zooarchaeological studies

Demay

Belyaeva

Kulakovksa

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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a b s t r a c tThe Upper Pleniglacial, between 23 000e20 000 BP, is characterized by the intensification of cold climate and is followed by the maximum extent of ice sheets. There is a little bit information about the human activities during this period. New archaeological excavations in Ukraine permit to evidence data about behavioural human adaptations. These open air sites are on the one hand Pushkari 1 (excavation VII), Pogon (excavation VII) and Obollonia in the Desna valley and on the other hand Dorochivtsy III in the Dniester valley. These sites are characterised by atypical lithic industries made on local flint relied to the Gravettian but containing Epigravettian or Aurignacoid elements. In order to better understand the subsistence strategy we carried out zooarchaeological and taphonomical studies, which allow us to reveal the strategy of fauna exploitation by the human groups. We highlighted that all these sites are characterized by a restricted faunal spectrum with the presence of mammoth, reindeer, horse and carnivores (mainly fox [Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus] and wolf). In the Dniester valley the reindeer was the most exploited, whereas the mammoth is the most exploited in the Desna valley. Indeed, it was probably hunt in Pushkari 1, maybe in Pogon and Obollonia. It was exploited as combustible, food resources and bones as raw material. In Dorochivtsy III/6 ivory was used to make tools and as artistic support. Indeed this site and Obollonia present grooved ivory points, this is the oldest occurrence of this kind of artefacts in the both regions. Moreover two engraved tusks presenting more or less figurative pictures were found in Dorochivtsy III/l.6 and Obollonia. The other large herbivores were also consumed and carnivores were exploited for their pelts in all these sites. The settlements are recurrent camps with little development occupied during varied seasons oriented to hunting and butchering activities linked with exploitation of local flint. These sites demonstrate the continuity of human occupations within the Eastern European plain, with the persistence of hunting methods and the relative diversity of animal exploitation, during the Upper Pleniglacial. These sites are really important for the understanding of cultural processes in the Eastern European Upper Palaeolithic, and particularly for the understanding of Epigravettian origin.

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“…. Non-shed antlers and birth seasonality of reindeers provide more information about seasonal slaughter and human occupations (Bouchud, 1954;Murray, 1993;Lincoln, Tyler, 1994) (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidences about human activities during the first part of the Upper Pleniglacial in Ukraine from zooarchaeological studies

Demay

Belyaeva

Kulakovksa

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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“…Which of these possibilities is the most likely? In response to Lacorre's hypothesis (the third one), Bouchud immediately argued that if the Badegoule antlers indeed belonged to two reindeer "varieties", they were present at the same times and thus lived together in this region, as the X-rays and cross-sections of the Badegoule pedicles have demonstrated (Bouchud, 1954a(Bouchud, , 1954b. It may be added that Delpech's osteometric data led her to disprove this distinction between two subspecies which would have coexisted in France during the upper Pleistocene (Delpech, 1983).…”

Section: Three Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He also confirmed his first conclusion that reindeer were not long-lived mobile animals in this area during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. This particular point was criticized by F. Lacorre (Lacorre, 1953;Bouchud, 1954b) after the first publication in 1952 (Badegoule), but it was not until the 1970s that numerous studies attempted to prove or debate the existence of migrations (Sturdy, 1975;Bahn, 1977;Spiess, 1979;Gordon, 1988). These publications criticized Bouchud's work, arguing that, for many reasons, tooth wear and shed antlers cannot be used to identify age and season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The four seasons of reindeer: Non-migrating reindeer in the Dordogne region (France) between 30 and 18 k? Data from the Middle and Upper Magdalenian at La Madeleine and methods of seasonality determination

Fontana¹

2017

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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This paper presents a study of the reindeer hunting seasons represented in Magdalenian occupations (levels 25 & 27) at the site of La Madeleine where this game comprises between 87 and 95% of the identified remains. The method of reindeer hunting season estimations based on the analysis of archaeological antlers, cheek teeth and fetal long-bone diaphyses underlines that the combined use of antlers, teeth, and fetal bones is indispensable for determining all four seasons. It also shows that summer and winter hunts are the most difficult to identify and may go unnoticed in small or poorly preserved samples, and those without fetal long-bone diaphyses (for winter). The hunting seasons identified, deducted from the minimum number of identified moments, are similar for levels 25 (Upper Magdalenian) and 27 (Middle Magdalenian), providing evidence of reindeer hunting throughout the year, during all four seasons. These results confirm those of four other sites, all of which are located in the same area at distances between 2 and 60 km from La Madeleine, while they strongly contrast those of every other currently well documented region (Paris Basin, Massif Central, Aude Basin). This suggests that if these data reflect the reality of non-migrating reindeer, rather than a high instability of seasonal ranges, at least between 30,000 and 15,000 cal BP, this phenomenon is related to a specific area, temporarily bordered by the Dronne and the Vézère valleys. The author discusses the assumption that this zone (still to be delineated), with an Atlantic climate in the Mammoth Steppe biome, at least during the Upper Pleniglacial and Oldest Dryas, was a zone of varied landscapes where the living conditions of reindeer would have limited their mobility, perhaps up to the close foothills of the Massif Central.

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“…A second hypothesis, based on osteometric and dental data as well as seasonality studies, suggests relatively small-scale migrations on an East-West axis, between the Massif Central and the Gironde (see Map 1 in Supplementary Information) (Delpech, 1983(Delpech, , 1987Kuntz & Costamagno, 2011). Thirdly, based on dental data and reindeer antlers, other authors have proposed that reindeer herds were present all year round in the Perigord (Bouchud et al 1953;Bouchud, 1954;Deplano, 1994;Fontana, 2000Fontana, , 2012Fontana, , 2017Fontana & Chauvière, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been numerous attempts to reconstruct the migratory behaviour of reindeer during the Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe (Bouchud et al 1953;Bouchud, 1954;Lacorre, 1956;Bouchud, 1966;Bahn, 1977;Spiess, 1979;White, 1980;Delpech, 1983Delpech, , 1987Gordon, 1988aGordon, , 1988bGordon, , 1990Deplano, 1994;Weinstock, 2000aWeinstock, , 2000bFontana, 2000;Enloe, 2001;Weladji et al 2002;Sorensen et al 2007;Banks et al 2008;Morin, 2008;Kuntz & Costamagno, 2011;Kuntz, 2011;Costamagno et al 2016). Some authors (Lacorre, 1956;Bahn, 1977;Gordon, 1988aGordon, , 1988bGordon, , 1990 have proposed that reindeer migrated long distances across Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteometric Study of Metapodial Bones and Phalanges as Indicators of the Behavioural Ecology of Modern Reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and Implications for Reconstruction of Paleo Mobility

2022

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Paleolithic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) played an important role for human populations in western and central Europe during much of the Paleolithic period. In southwestern France and in particular during the Magdalenian, reindeer frequently figures among the privileged prey of hunter-gatherer groups. However, and despite numerous attempts to reconstruct the migratory behavior of Paleolithic reindeer, there is no agreement on the degree of mobility of this prey. Modern ethological data indicate that reindeer herds adopt different mobility strategies depending on the type of habitat and the topography of the environment. Thus, our project (Emorph) aims to explore morphometric criteria (through metapodial bones and phalanges) in combination with cutting-edge methodologies like Machine Learning to identify the extent of reindeer migrations. Based initially on the study of modern caribou populations with distinct migratory behaviors, the results obtained could be applied to several Magdalenian assemblages from southwestern France in the future, with the goal of reconstructing the mobility of these tardiglacial reindeer.

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Dents de Rennes, Bois de Rennes et migrations

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

New evidences about human activities during the first part of the Upper Pleniglacial in Ukraine from zooarchaeological studies

New evidences about human activities during the first part of the Upper Pleniglacial in Ukraine from zooarchaeological studies

The four seasons of reindeer: Non-migrating reindeer in the Dordogne region (France) between 30 and 18 k? Data from the Middle and Upper Magdalenian at La Madeleine and methods of seasonality determination

Osteometric Study of Metapodial Bones and Phalanges as Indicators of the Behavioural Ecology of Modern Reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and Implications for Reconstruction of Paleo Mobility

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