Dento-alveolar features and diet in an Etruscan population (6th–3rd c. B.C.) from northeast Italy

Masotti, Sabrina; Onisto, Nicoletta; Marzi, Marta Mónica; Gualdi‐Russo, Emanuela

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.011

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In a few subjects, porosity was also present on the palate or on the femur ( cribra femoralia ), suggesting some kind of genetic anaemia (Fornaciari & Mallegni, ; Fornaciari et al ., ; Rubini et al ., ; Djuric et al ., ) . This seems to be supported by the very few skeletal indicators of poor nutrition (only two cases of rickets) and by a paleonutritional analysis, which suggested a subsistence pattern related to fishing, cattle breeding and farming (Masotti et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The remarkable survivorship for the time indicates fairly good health and quality of life. Indeed, the variation of dental disease observed in the Spina population indicates a mixed subsistence pattern, suggesting good nutrition for the entire population without any difference between the sexes (Masotti et al ., ). The scarcity of metabolic diseases also indicates quite good nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While archaeologists have paid much attention to the extraordinary grave goods (Berti & Guzzo, 1993), no research has been conducted on the health status of the population, except for a recent study on dental health and nutrition (Masotti et al, 2013). Therefore, we have given particular attention to pathological lesions from haematopoietic diseases (porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia), specific and aspecific infections (osteoperiostitis), dietary deficiencies, hormonal disturbances, tumours and osteoarthritis (OA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Patterns of the Etruscan Population (6th–3rd Centuries bc) in Northern Italy: The Case of Spina

Manzon

Gualdi‐Russo

2015

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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A sample of 303 skeletons from the Etruscan necropolis of Spina (Ferrara, Italy, 6th-3rd centuries BC) was examined for paleopathological lesions in order to assess the general health, diseases and quality of life of this Iron Age population. The observed pathologies included porotic hyperostosis, specific and aspecific infections, metabolic and endocrine disorders, tumours and osteoarthritis. A total of 46.7% of adults and 7.7% of subadults showed at least one pathological lesion. Statistical comparisons were made between sexes and adult-age classes (20-35 years and >35 years) to analyse the prevalence of the lesions. The analysis of porotic hyperostosis and osteoperiostitis allowed to determine the general health status of this group, and the analysis of osteoarthritis allowed to hypothesise a gender division of labour. The results suggest a relatively high-life expectancy for the time as well as good health and quality of life. The few specific infections and metabolic disorders indicate fairly good nutrition, while the high frequency of porotic hyperostosis can be partly linked to some type of hereditary anaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Patterns of the Etruscan Population (6th–3rd Centuries bc) in Northern Italy: The Case of Spina

Manzon

Gualdi‐Russo

2015

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…In hunter‐gatherers and in populations from the sixth to the third centuries bc , and ad first to tenth and eighteenth centuries, 50–74% of individuals had dental calculus; it being significantly more prevalent in males. Among 27–85% of affected teeth, dental calculus was more frequently observed on the buccal side of the maxillary first molars and on the lingual side of the mandibular incisors (Whittaker et al ., ; Bonfiglioli et al ., ; Belcastro et al ., ; Flensborg, ; Vodanović et al ., ; Masotti et al ., ). Microscopic observations evidenced the omnipresence of well‐preserved calcified microorganisms in ancient human calculus of modern, Neolithic, Epipaleolithic, and Middle Paleolithic populations from 60,000 years before present ( bp ) by using optical microscopy after Gram staining (Charlier et al ., ; Warinner et al ., ,b), scanning electron microscopy (Dobney & Brothwell, ; Dobney, ; Pap et al ., ; Arensburg, ; Meller et al ., ; Charlier et al ., ; Warinner et al ., ,b), transmission electron microscopy (Preus et al ., ), fluorescence microscopy with DNA fluorescent dye to reveal dsDNA (Warinner et al ., ,b), fluorescence in situ hybridization to reveal archaea (Huynh et al ., unpublished data ) and immunohistochemical analysis incorporating polyclonal antibody specific to Streptococcus mutans (Linossier et al ., ).…”

Section: Tracing Microorganisms In Dental Calculusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bacteria and archaea paleomicrobiology of the dental calculus: a review

Huynh

Verneau

Levasseur

et al. 2015

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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Dental calculus, a material observed in the majority of adults worldwide, emerged as a source for correlating paleomicrobiology with human health and diet. This mini review of 48 articles on the paleomicrobiology of dental calculus over 7550 years discloses a secular core microbiota comprising nine bacterial phyla - Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, TM7, Synergistetes, Chloroflexi, Fusobacteria, Spirochetes - and one archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota; and some accessory microbiota that appear and disappear according to time frame. The diet residues and oral microbes, including bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi, consisting of harmless organisms and pathogens associated with local and systemic infections have been found trapped in ancient dental calculus by morphological approaches, immunolabeling techniques, isotope analyses, fluorescent in situ hybridization, DNA-based approaches, and protein-based approaches. These observations led to correlation of paleomicrobiology, particularly Streptococcus mutans and archaea, with past human health and diet.

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“…A common observation in bioarchaeological remains worldwide is poorer oral health in women, with a noticeably higher frequency of dental caries in women compared with men . Contemporary societies have also registered a higher frequency of caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and gingivitis in women as a result of pregnancy .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘One tooth one child’: evaluating the effects of diet and fertility on the oral health of women from archaeological sites in South America

Carvalho

Pezo‐Lanfranco

Eggers

2018

European J Oral Sciences

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Women from ancient societies have shown a higher prevalence of dental caries in comparison with men. Recent research has shown that the relationship between increased oestrogen production during pregnancy and decreased salivary flow is a possible cause for the higher levels of caries in women, which is in contrast to the traditional view of sexual division of labour resulting in unequal access to cariogenic food. In order to test these two hypotheses, individuals exhumed from 12 South American archaeological sites were examined for markers of oral health (caries, ante mortem tooth loss, deep caries, and enamel hypoplasia) and compared in terms of fertility (Crude Birth Rate) and subsistence systems. Our results suggest that diet and other cultural practices remain the most important factors affecting oral health and that the effects of hormones can be masked by them. Such findings add to the discussion regarding the availability of micronutrients in such societies affecting caries experience in pregnant women, because of their special nutritional requirements.

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Dento-alveolar features and diet in an Etruscan population (6th–3rd c. B.C.) from northeast Italy

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Health Patterns of the Etruscan Population (6th–3rd Centuries bc) in Northern Italy: The Case of Spina

Health Patterns of the Etruscan Population (6th–3rd Centuries bc) in Northern Italy: The Case of Spina

Bacteria and archaea paleomicrobiology of the dental calculus: a review

‘One tooth one child’: evaluating the effects of diet and fertility on the oral health of women from archaeological sites in South America

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