Dentition of Chilean Paleo-Indians and Peopling of the Americas

Abstract

Teeth of 12 cremated paleo-Indians (11,000 years old) from caves in southern Chile have crown and root morphology like that of recent American Indians and north Asians, but unlike that of Europeans. This finding supports the view that American Indians originated in northeast Asia. This dental series also suggests that paleo-Indians could easily have been ancestral to most living Indians, that very little dental evolution has occurred, and that the founding paleo-Indian population was small, genetically homogeneous, and arrived late in the Pleistocene.

Nonmetric cranial variation and the populational affinities of the Pacific peoples

“…The MMD is significant at the 0.05 level when it is at least twice as large as its standard deviation. When two samples have identical frequencies of each variant or sample sizes are small, the MMD assumes a negative value (Turner and Bird, 1981).…”

Populational Affinities of the Peruvian with Siberians and North Americans: A Nonmetric Cranial Approach.

“…Turning to efforts by others, a joint USA-USSR field research team excavated human skeletal remains at prehistoric burial sites near Lake Baikal in 1975 (Laughlin et al, 1976). The dental morphology and nonmetric cranial traits of the Siberians have been the subjects of numerous recent investigations, resulting in various hypotheses on prehistoric Mongoloid dispersal (Turner, 1971(Turner, , 1983(Turner, , 1985(Turner, , 1986a(Turner, , 1986b(Turner, , 1987(Turner, , 1989(Turner, , 1990Turner and Bird, 1981;Greenberg et al, 1986;Ossenberg, 1986Ossenberg, , 1992. Yamaguchi (1977Yamaguchi ( , 1981 of Japan compared skeletal samples of the Ontario Iroquois with those of East Asians.…”

Desarrollo de la Investigación sobre Variación Morfológica de Poblaciones Históricas Sudamericanas Utilizando Rasgos Dentales No Métricos

“…El método ASUDAS (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) propuesto por Turner et al (1991) complementado con otros autores según los rasgos morfológicos dentales analizados, ha sido el instrumento utilizado por excelencia para el registro y valoración de los mismos, excepciones hechas de los artículos publicados de manera previa (Devoto & Arias, 1967;Devoto, 1971;Devoto & Perroto, 1972;Campusano et al, 1972;Turner & Bird, 1981) y del reporte de caso de Pomeroy. Sobre este último, vale destacar que el autor refiere al rasgo con el nombre de "T alón Cuspídeo Labial", diferente a la designación estándar ASUDAS de "Tuberculum dentale" (Turner et al), homologado para esta revisión por Hernández et al (2010) (Tabla I).…”