Dentition, Diet, Tobacco, and Alcohol in the Epidemiology of Oral Cancer
            2

Graham, Saxon; Dayal, Hari H.; Rohrer, Thomas A.; Swanson, Mya; Sultz, Harry A.; Shedd, Donald P.; Fischman, Stuart L.

doi:10.1093/jnci/59.6.1611

Cited by 307 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…93,133 The strongest and most consistent indicator of risk in the literature was tooth loss, likely indicative of chronic poor oral health. Several studies reported elevated risk associated with any tooth loss 90,93,129,[134][135][136] and also increased risk with increased number of lost teeth. 95,137 Both smoking and alcohol drinking have significant direct effects on oral health and are strongly correlated with poor oral hygiene.…”

Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an independent role for oral hygiene was supported by significant elevations in oral cancer risk (approximate OR 3-9) among nonsmokers and nondrinkers with poor oral hygiene in case-control studies. 136,137 Additive 136 and multiplicative 137 risk (in which combined exposures act synergistically to either add to or multiply, respectively, the risk associated with either exposure alone) between poor oral hygiene and alcohol and tobacco use have also been observed. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found between the oral microflora of smokers, patients with oral cancer, and controls.…”

Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers

2007

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Oral cancer incidence rates rose dramatically during the twentieth century in the United States and Europe, especially among individuals under the age of 60 years. Although influenced by age, sex, and country of origin, incidence trends were most strongly affected by elevated risk among individuals born after approximately 1915. This cohort effect was indicative of strong behavioral influences on oral cancer risk. In this article, associations between oral cancer risk and established behavioral risk factors including alcohol and tobacco use are reviewed. Additionally, possible associations between oral cancer risk and oral hygiene, diet, nutritional status, and sexual behavior as well as the influence of genetic factors on oral cancer risk are considered. Special emphasis is placed on evaluating possible risk differences in individuals above and below the age of 45 and in users and nonusers of alcohol and tobacco. Oral squamous cell carcinomas arise from several anatomic sites within the oral cavity and oropharynx, but most commonly from the oral, mobile tongue.1 In the 1980s, 2 cancer centers in the United States (U.S.) reported an increase in the proportion of incident oral tongue cancers diagnosed in men younger 40 years.2,3 Although absolute numbers had increased, these reports provided no real evidence of rising incidence. Shortly thereafter, however, a significant 2-fold increase in oral tongue cancer mortality rates between 1950 and 1982 was reported in the U.S. for men younger than 30 years. 4 This finding was corroborated by a study in Scotland. 5 Further analysis of the Scottish data revealed that the increase in incidence was not restricted to those younger than 40 but extended to all age groups less than 65 years of age born after 1920-a strong ''cohort effect.'' The cohort effect was indicated by a strong effect of year of birth on oral cancer incidence rates. A flurry of research on global changes in oral cancer incidence was stimulated by these reports.

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Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers

2007

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“…Among ''ever drinkers,'' the total number of drinks consumed per week was calculated by summing the average number of drinks of beer, wine, and hard liquor reportedly consumed per week. On an a priori basis, total alcohol consumption was dichotomized at less than seven drinks/week and seven or more drinks/week [9,23]. For subjects interviewed after April 28, 1996, the questionnaire included questions regarding whether and when the drinking of each alcoholic beverage type had been discontinued.…”

Section: Tobacco and Alcohol Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Morse

Psoter

Cleveland

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

142

125

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Objective-Risks associated with smoking and drinking are not necessarily constant over the multistage pathway to oral cancer. We investigated whether smoking and drinking patterns differ for persons with oral cancer (OC) relative to those with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a precancerous condition.Methods-Incident cases of OC and OED were interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions on smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) compared the odds of smoking and drinking among persons with OC relative to OED.Results-No adjusted ORs for smoking achieved statistical significance; however, most were <1.0. The odds of OC relative to OED increased with drinking level; the adjusted OR for 19+ drinks/week was 3.03 (1.56-5.87). Age drinking began and years of drinking were not notably different for OC and OED cases; a higher proportion of OC cases reported discontinuing alcohol for 9+ years before diagnosis. Conclusions-The relationship between smoking and OED was at least as strong as that for smoking and OC, suggesting that smoking may have its greatest impact on oral carcinogenesis prior

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“…Other aetiological factors such as diet [46,47], oral hygiene and dentition [48,49], mouthwashes [50,51] and viral infections [52,53] have also been identi®ed but their role is inconsistent.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral cancer in the UK: to screen or not to screen

1998

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Although oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for only a small proportion of malignant neoplasms in the UK, oral cancer incidence and mortality rates have been rising in recent years. The natural history of oral cancer is not adequately understood at present and there is very little information about the epidemiology of precancerous lesions in the UK. There are also insucient data to provide ®rm evidence that the percentage of cases arising de novo is greater in the UK and the Western world as compared to the Indian subcontinent. Screening for oral cancer by visual examination is simple, inexpensive and causes little discomfort; however, there is no evidence for the eectiveness of screening for oral cancer either in reducing mortality from the disease or in reducing the incidence of invasive disease by detection and treatment of precancerous lesions. There is currently insucient evidence to recommend population screening for oral cancer in the UK. Measures aimed at primary prevention of the disease may be a more feasible method of disease control at present. #

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Dentition, Diet, Tobacco, and Alcohol in the Epidemiology of Oral Cancer 2

Cited by 307 publications

References 0 publications

Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers

Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Oral cancer in the UK: to screen or not to screen

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