Dental Status of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

With diabetes, there is a violation of the microvasculature, a violation of the immune status, an increase in destructive processes in the bone tissue, which leads to the development and / or intensification of pathological processes. In the oral cavity, the most frequently diagnosed inflammatory periodontal diseases, chronic injuries of the oral mucosa (COP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis, COP candidiasis. The aim of our study was to study the dental status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A descriptive evaluative epidemiologically controlled, non-randomized study was conducted to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes on dental status. The main group (“case”) consisted of 68 patients with type 2 diabetes in the compensation phase (IA) and 56 patients in the subcompensation phase (IB). The comparison group included 60 patients without somatic pathology. All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination, bacteriological and microscopic examination to identify fungi of the genus Candida. Results: in patients with subcompensated form of type 2 diabetes, there was an increase in the frequency of complaints of plaque on the tongue, burning sensation in the COP, dryness and changes in taste. Periodontal indices indicate that the patients of the main group have a high prevalence of inflammatory and destructive processes in the periodontal tissues (indices of PMA, KPI, Mullemann indices) with poor oral hygiene (OHI-S = 3.5 ± 0.4), which confirms the Friedman criterion (χ2 = 116.27; p = 0.0000) based on the calculation of Kendall's concordance coefficient (0.743). The diagnosis of oral mucosa candidiasis was confirmed in 74.6% of patients in the main group by bacteriological examination.