Dental lead levels in the Galician population, Spain

Gil, Fernando; Pérez, M. Luz Gámiz; Facio, Angel; Villanueva, Enrique; Tojo, Rafael; Gil, Ángel

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90351-4

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lead is easily incorporated into r~ldlly types of cdcified tissue, and high lead exposure may in fact result in the shunting of lead into the skeletal (calcium phosphate) bones of the fish. This is the case for other vertebrates, including humans, where evidence of airborne lead incorporation can be monitored through the analysis of bone (Borjesson et al 1997) or tooth composition (Gil et al 1994, Selypes et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Geffen¹,

Pearce²,

Perkins³

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Metal concentrations in fish otolithsABSTRACT Juvenile sand g o b~e s Pomatosch~stus mlnutus, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, and sole Solea solea were exposed to high or low levels of mercury or lead for 45 d In the laboratory Points on the otollth corresponding to the core (pre-treatment), the start of exposure, midway through the exposure, and the termmation of exposure were sampled and analysed by laser ablat~on -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) There were significant Increases In the metal content of the goby and sole otoliths after exposure to mercuiy or lead, and the differences between the treatment levels for each element weie significant Plaice otol~ths showed little increase in metal accumulat~on, and the difference between treatments was not sign~ficant The relationship between exposule level, otolith metal concentration, and the metal concentration in flsh muscle t i s s u~ was complex In general, lead accumulated faster in the otolith and uptake was higher at low exposuic levels Mercury concentlations in fish tissue generally paralleled the concentration measured in the otoliths and the exposure level Lead concentratlons in f~s h otol~ths were inversely related to t~s s u e concentratlons KEY WORDS: Otolith microchemistry . Heavy metals . Otollth composition INTRODUCTIONFish otoliths are composed primarily of calcium carbonate formed by the accumulation of crystals on an organic matrix. During formation, trace levels of numerous other elements are incorporated ~n t o either the organic or inorganic portion of the otolith. The concentrations of these trace elements are thought to be influenced pr~marily by the environmental conditions experienced by the fish. For example, variations in the ratios of strontium to calcium (Radtke & Targett 1984, Radtke 1989, Radtke & Shafer 1992, iron to calcium (Gauld~e et al. 1980), and the oxygen isotopes 1 6 0 to "0 (Kalish 1991b, Iacumin et al. 1992 have been linked to variations in water temperature experienced by the fish. Changes in these ratios have also been used to demonstrate the migratory patterns of anadramous and estuarine-dependent fishes (Nelson et al. 1989, Lecomte-Finiger 1992, Northcote et al. 1992, Secor 1992, Thorrold et al. 1997. Cyclic variations in the trace element composition across otolith sections have been used to verify ageing by comparison with visible annuli (Radtke & Targett 1984, Seyama et al. 1991, Radtke et al. 1993. Radioisotope ratios have also been measured to determine the age of otolith cores and thus verify ages determined by visual bands, or to determine longevity in certain species (Campana et al. 1990, 1993, Fenton & Short 1992, Kalish 1993.More detailed studies of otolith composition have made use of analytical techniques with very low detection limits for a wide range of elements. These studies have demonstrated that otoliths naturally contain many trace elements, including heavy metals, and that there are consistent differences in the composition of the otoliths for fish inhabiting different areas....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Geffen¹,

Pearce²,

Perkins³

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In the rat, increased maternal lead exposure produces a decrease in stimulated parotid function, suggesting salivary hypofunction, and a concomitant increase in dental caries in offspring (Watson et al 1997). An association between increased lead levels and increased caries prevalence has been reported in several epidemiologic studies (Brudevold et al 1977;Gil et al 1994Gil et al , 1996Moss et al 1999). In a study of 251 children 9-12 years old, Brudevold et al (1977) found that children with higher levels of enamel lead had more caries than did children with lower enamel lead levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

Gemmel

Tavares

Alperin

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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The association between blood lead level and dental caries was evaluated in cross-sectional analyses of baseline data for 543 children 6-10 years old screened for enrollment in the Children's Amalgam Trial, a study designed to assess potential health effects of mercury in silver fillings. Approximately half of the children were recruited from an urban setting (Boston/Cambridge, MA, USA) and approximately half from a rural setting (Farmington, ME, USA). Mean blood lead level was significantly greater among the urban subgroup, as was the mean number of carious tooth surfaces. Blood lead level was positively associated with number of caries among urban children, even with adjustment for demographic and maternal factors and child dental practices. This association was stronger in primary than in permanent dentition and stronger for occlusal, lingual, and buccal tooth surfaces than for mesial or distal surfaces. In general, blood lead was not associated with caries in the rural subgroup. The difference between the strength of the associations in the urban and rural settings might reflect the presence of residual confounding in the former setting, the presence of greater variability in the latter setting in terms of important caries risk factors (e.g., fluoride exposure), or greater exposure misclassification in the rural setting. These findings add to the evidence supporting a weak association between children's lead exposure and caries prevalence. A biologic mechanism for lead cariogenicity has not been identified, however. Our data are also consistent with residual confounding by factors associated with both elevated lead exposure and dental caries.

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“…This type of distribution is quite common in both biological and nonbiological applications, such as trace elements in human samples (10,(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57), organic substances in human samples (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68) and other substances in natural ecosystems (69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). Since boron, lithium and strontium might not be under strict homeostatic control, they are largely excreted into the urine and the excretion rate of these trace elements directly depends on their concentrations.…”

Section: Lognormal Distributions Of Boron Lithium and Strontium In Umentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

Usuda

Kono

Dote

et al. 2007

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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The biological, medical and environmental roles of trace elements have attracted considerable attention over the years. In spite of their relevance in nutritional, occupational and toxicological aspects, there is still a lack of consistent and reliable measurement techniques and reliable information on reference values. In this review our understandings of the urinary profilings of boron, lithium and strontium are summarized and fundamental results obtained in our laboratory are discussed.Over the past decade we have successfully used inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry for the determination of reference values for urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium. Taking into account the short biological half-life of these elements and the fact that their major excretion route is via the kidney, urine was considered to be a suitable material for monitoring of exposure to these elements. We confirmed that urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium follow a lognormal distribution. The geometric mean reference values and 95% confidence intervals were 798 μg/l (398-1599 μg/l) for boron, 23.5 μg/l (11.0-50.5 μg/l) for lithium and 143.9 μg/l (40.9-505.8 μg/l) for strontium. There were no discrepancies between our values and those previously reported. Our reference values and confidential intervals can be used as guidelines for the health screening of Japanese individuals to evaluate environmental or occupational exposure to these elements.

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Dental lead levels in the Galician population, Spain

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

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