Dental Intraoral Exposures in Portugal: From 1990 to 2018

Trindade, Hugo; Coutinho, Guilherme

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz033

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In order to calculate the DRLs for common general radiology techniques (PA Chest and AP Lumbar Spine) and dental - intraoral examinations [ 13 , 14 ], the entrance skin dose was calculated with the data obtained from an Unfors RaySafe Xi detector with the method recommended by the Arcal XLIX protocol (Equation 1) [ 12 ]. This instrument has an air kerma measurement uncertainty of 5%; it was calibrated annually in the United States and was used throughout the study period [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Bonifaz¹,

Rodriguez²,

Esparza³

2021

Cureus

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Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for X-ray procedures have been established in many countries since 1996. In Peru, data from the literature are used as guidelines as DRLs research is limited. The objective of this study is to analyze the parameters and variables which are used in radiological techniques such as kV, mAs, and type of machine (conventional or digital); study the geographical distribution of radiological X-ray machines, and establish DRLs in Peru. Two radiological procedures were considered, general X-rays (fixed and mobile) and intraoral X-rays (fixed, mobile, and portable). An Unfors RaySafe Xi detector (Unfors RaySafe AB, Billdal, Sweden) was used; air kerma was measured at a source to image distance that varied depending on the procedure, and the entrance skin dose was subsequently calculated using the Arcal XLIX formalism. The data were collected over a period of three years (2015)(2016)(2017). Only results from the last evaluation during this period were taken into consideration for each X-ray machine. DRLs were calculated at 0.21 mSv, and 0.25 mSv for posterior-anterior chest examinations in conventional and digital machines, respectively; 4.39 mSv and 6.01 mSv for conventional and digital antero-posterior lumbar spine examinations, respectively; and at 4.21 mSv for the dental intraoral procedure. The largest amount of X-ray machines is concentrated in the city of Lima. These results reflect the standard of practice in Peru.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Bonifaz¹,

Rodriguez²,

Esparza³

2021

Cureus

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“…The radiation dose from these procedures must be controlled following methods and diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) disseminated through national or international standards, codes of practice, or safety guides. Intraoral DRLs are reported using various methods and dose quantities such as incident air kerma, entrance surface air kerma (K e ), kerma-area product (KAP), and entrance surface dose [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8]. It is usual to report dose values for an adult's tooth, particularly for the maxillary molar [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscatter factors calculation for intraoral dental radiology

Paixão¹,

Oliveira²,

Vieira³

2021

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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The dosimetry of intraoral radiography procedures is of great interest since dental examinations are among the most numerous radiological procedures. Usually, the surveys are performed using measurements free in air. The entrance surface air kerma (K e ) can be estimated from measurements of incident air kerma and the use of backscatter factors (BSF). The purpose of this work is to calculate BSF values suitable for intraoral radiography. In addition to specific intraoral radiography, a comprehensive reassessment of internationally recommended BSF values was performed through Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, the K e was estimated using the calculated BSF values for a sample of 44 intraoral radiography systems. The interpolation of intraoral radiography BSF values from reference data can lead to an overestimation of up to 10% and 6% in comparison with the values calculated in this work for monoenergetic photons and x-ray spectra, respectively. Such discrepancy may be relevant when defining diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) or performing quality control tests. The calculations for a sample of 44 intraoral radiography systems showed that the majority of the equipment operates with an entrance surface air kerma higher than 3.5 mGy. In the case of adopting a single value to estimate K e , the use of BSF equal to 1.2 results in less dispersion compared to calculated values in this work and the use of 1.1 can underestimate K e values up to 12%.

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Dental Intraoral Exposures in Portugal: From 1990 to 2018

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Backscatter factors calculation for intraoral dental radiology

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