Dental implant risk factors for peri-implant disease: a narrative review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Dental implants have become a leading method to rehabilitate areas of missing teeth. Their success and survival rates, as well as their supporting tissues health, are influenced by various intrinsic and exogenous factors. Each year the total number of implants in function rises with more patients becoming at risk for peri-implantitis (PI). Various treatment modalities have been suggested for PI, varying from minimally invasive methods to extensive regenerative surgeries. In advanced stages of PI, implant removal and reimplantation may be required. There is little long-term data regarding the effectiveness of treatment as counter measure to assure the long-term effectiveness of dental implant therapy. It remains the responsibility of the individual clinician to understand the risk factors involved in development of PI and incorporate mitigation strategies as part of overall patient treatment. The aim of the manuscript is to review the scientific literature regarding risk factors for peri-implant disease (PID). Methods: A comprehensive review of the English literature (published between 2005 and May 2021) was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases on intra-oral and extra-oral risk factors.