Dental Glass Ionomer Cements as Permanent Filling Materials? – Properties, Limitations and Future Trends

Abstract

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are clinically attractive dental materials that have certain unique properties that make them useful as restorative and luting materials. This includes adhesion to moist tooth structures and base metals, anticariogenic properties due to release of fluoride, thermal compatibility with tooth enamel, biocompatibility and low toxicity. The use of GICs in a mechanically loaded situation, however, has been hampered by their low mechanical performance. Poor mechanical properties, such as low fracture strength, toughness and wear, limit their extensive use in dentistry as a filling material in stress-bearing applications. In the posterior dental region, glass ionomer cements are mostly used as a temporary filling material. The requirement to strengthen those cements has lead to an ever increasing research effort into reinforcement or strengthening concepts.

Nanomechanical Properties of Different Dental Restorative Materials

“…Glass ionomer cement * corresponding author; e-mail: halenuronat@gmail.com (GIC) and compomer are the most preferred materials in pediatric dentistry [7]. Glass ionomer cement has a wide application area because of its advantages [8]. However, its use on permanent teeth at locations facing occlusal forces is restricted [8].…”

“…Glass ionomer cement has a wide application area because of its advantages [8]. However, its use on permanent teeth at locations facing occlusal forces is restricted [8]. A restorative material called EQUIA™, GC ® managed to reduce the negative properties of GICs in recent years [9].…”

Microleakage of conventional, resin-modified, and nano-ionomer glass ionomer cement as primary teeth filling material

“…Conventional glass ionomer cement sets faster and is of higher viscosity because if finer glass particles, anhydrous polyacrylic acids of high molecular weight and a high powder to liquid mixing ratio. 9,10 The result revealed that although all the materials showed microleakage, conventional glass ionomer cement showed slightly less microleakage than resin-modified and nano-ionomer glass ionomer cement. The study suggested that the marginal sealing ability of nano-ionomer, resinmodified and conventional glass ionomer cement were comparable based on the mean score and percentage score of dye penetration, but conventional glass ionomer cement showed slightly better results, though the findings were statistically not significant.…”

Current Fluoride-releasing Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry

“…Kalsiyum iyonlarının, iyonize karboksil yan gruplar tarafından hızlıca şelasyona uğraması ile poliakrilik asit polimer zincirinde çapraz bağlar oluşur. Sonraki 24-72 saatte, kalsiyum iyonlarının yerini, daha yavaş reaksiyona giren alüminyum iyonları alır ve daha fazla çapraz bağ içeren ancak mekanik olarak daha güçlü bir matriks oluşur (9,18).…”