Dental Fluorosis in Saudi Arabia: A review of current literature

Siddiqui, Ammar Ahmed; Hobeira, Hazza Al; Mirza, Asaad Javaid; Alshammari, Adel Khalid; Alshammari, Bader Ayed; Alsalwah, Nawaf Hamoud

doi:10.21276/aimdr.2017.3.3.de10

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main sources which could be responsible for increased fluoride consumption are fluoride containing drinking water and the rest 125 responses were distributed between the other options. 24 Another investigation mentioned that the fluorosis is the most prevalent problem in 24 countries of the world. The majority of the participants was aware of the fact that water contains fluoride and had some knowledge about fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Fluoride protects the teeth from dental caries using the needed amount of fluoride products.Methods: A Modified structured questionnaire has been validated through a pilot trial (20 responses) prior to administration that contains16 questions was distributed. Other than the demographics, the data were collected from 500 participants including undergraduate male and female dental students.Results: The majority described the mild fluorosis appearance in the teeth according to Dean’s index appropriately as white opacity of the enamel (64%, n=320). On the other hand, only 31.1% (n=155) and 46% (n=229) described the moderate and severe fluorosis appearance in the teeth according to Dean’s index appropriately.Conclusions: The dissemination and education about dental fluorosis is urgently needed and should be tailored to reach this population. The knowledge about causes of fluoride and the effect on dental fluorosis should be presented in the education.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fluorosis in Saudi Arabia is considered to be an endemic problem (Dhaar, 2008). Dental fluorosis is amongst one of the most prevalent health effects observed in Saudi Arabia (Siddiqui et al, 2017). However, currently only a single clinical trial is underway that is recruiting subjects for the assessment sodium fluoride in dentin hypersensitivity (NCT02936830) and no studies are being conducted with focus on neuro-immunological effects.…”

Section: Scenario In Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-immunological effects of fluorosis: Current perspectives and future outlook for Saudi Arabia

Shaik¹

2019

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluorosis severely affects the quality of life of people causing metabolic and degenerative disorders. Its alarming upsurge in the recent years is a matter of deep concern and warrants intense research to completely eliminate this food and water borne ailment. Compelling evidence indicates that fluoride produces injury not only to the central nervous system but also to the immune system which is the first line of defense against xenobiotics. Studies have demonstrated that the intelligence of children and animals exposed to high levels of fluoride caused lowered learning ability and memory. Fluoride causes neuronal destruction and synaptic injury by free radical production and lipid peroxidation. Although limited information is available about immunotoxicity, it is hypothesized that fluoride affects cells of humoral and cell mediated immune responses. In addition, fluoride is reported to decrease white blood cell counts. Though there have been prospective studies in the past which elucidated various aspects of fluoride induced toxicity, the exact comprehensive understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of fluoride on the neuroimmunological processes is still a subject that needs clinical evaluation. Fluorosis is an endemic problem affecting the quality of life of millions in Saudi Arabia. However, only a few studies are conducted in this region. Owing to its alarming upsurge in recent years, it is important to design future studies to evaluate the neurotoxic and immunotoxic potential of fluoride exposure in humans.

show abstract

“…However, despite the substantial research studies in the western context on fluorosis there is still a definite gap in the literature in the Middle East especially on the possible risk factors associated with dental fluorosis [5]. To the best of our knowledge and the available literature in Saudi Arabia particularly in the southern sub-population (Abha-Khamis) region, where this research is carried out there is insufficient studies to reach any conclusion about dental fluorosis and its associated factors [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, certain populations also suffer from the menace of dental fluorosis as a result of abundance of well water still being consumed in the remote parts of the country [5] as well as increased fluorosis experienced among 613 children residing in high altitudes areas [6]. In some rural areas of Saudi Arabia where drinking water is obtained from wells about 300m deep, the prevalence of dental fluorosis is as high as 90%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Dental Fluorosis among Female School Going Children Aged 12-15 Years in Southern Sub-Population of Saudi Arabia

Ifindon¹,

Tikare²,

B³

et al. 2019

SJODR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the factors associated with dental fluorosis among 12-15 years old female school children in southern sub-population of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A community-based, cross-sectional survey of 486 school children (females), 12-15 years age group in southern subpopulation of Saudi Arabia using. Clinical examinations were performed using the Dean's index by WHO 2013. A pretested questionnaire was used to gather exploratory data on Demographics, Socioeconomic conditions, Access to dental service and exposure to various sources of fluoride. Bivariate associations were examined using the Chi-square and Chisquare trend tests to evaluate the association of selected risk factors with the presence or absence of dental fluorosis. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis in our study sample was 59.05% and the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) was 0.4. Questionable fluorosis (50.21%) was the commonest fluorosis seen. The principal factor associated with the presence of dental fluorosis was the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of fluoride supplements with a p-value of 0.04060 and 0.0497 respectively. No significant association was seen between dental fluorosis and socioeconomic status or parental education, drinking water and the intake of tea/coffee, consumption of any type of fish. Conclusions: Dental fluorosis is a major public health issue in the southern sub-population of Saudi Arabia. This study showed borderline public health significance with a CFI of 0.4. The principal factor associated with the presence of dental fluorosis in this tested model was the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of fluoride supplements. Active steps/strategies must be taken to educate the community on the correct frequency of tooth brushing during childhood development and the medical practitioners on the correct prescription of fluorides supplements during the stages of tooth development.

show abstract

Dental Fluorosis in Saudi Arabia: A review of current literature

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study

Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study

Neuro-immunological effects of fluorosis: Current perspectives and future outlook for Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Dental Fluorosis among Female School Going Children Aged 12-15 Years in Southern Sub-Population of Saudi Arabia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About