Dental Disease in Aged Horses and Its Management

Nicholls, V.; Townsend, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2016.04.002

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…32 Such diastemata tend to be broad and, in some cases, do not necessarily cause food packing and associated clinical changes. 5,33 Furthermore, altered masticatory force distribution caused by or leading to occlusal irregularities, dental fractures, or multivariant tooth displacement and congenital parameters are likely to cause open or much more problematic closed (valve) diastemata, 5,34 which we did not distinguish in our study. We found diastemata occurring most frequently in the maxillary and mandibular rostral cheek teeth IDS of Triadan 06 and 07, which is in accordance with findings of a prior study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability

et al. 2020

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In developing and emerging countries, many people make a living from picking municipal solid waste to sell for reuse or recycling. These people depend on cost-effective transport vehicles like horse-drawn carts. It is indisputable that the general health of these horses not only plays a major economic role but is a welfare issue as well. Orodental disorders are likely to be of particular importance as they directly impair health, performance, and therefore influence animal welfare and income. However, studies investigating prevalence and distribution of orodental disorders in working horses are scarce. This cross-sectional study is a survey of orodental alterations in 70 South Brazilian urban mixed-breed cart horses. All animals were subjected to a standardized clinical and subsequent specific orodental examination, and no horse had previously received dental treatment. Age and gender-related distribution and correlation of type and prevalence of orodental disorders were assessed. Excessively sharp enamel points (98.6%), cheek tooth diastema (65.7%), and mucosal ulcers (65.7%) occurred most frequently. Diastemata were more likely to be present between maxillary and mandibular Triadan 06/07 and mandibular 10/11. Male horses showed a higher individual number of orodental alterations than females ( P = .048). Incisors were often worn down and endodontically affected, occurring most frequently in horses >18 years ( P = .004) and males ( P = .048). Results indicate a high prevalence of orodental changes among South Brazilian cart horses. Poor orodental health in working horses is an animal welfare issue and may be influenced by the socioeconomic status of waste pickers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability

et al. 2020

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“…A speculum with a wide range of ratchet openings is preferred for comfort, with flat‐ or rubber‐lined bite plates (Fig 6) to better accommodate missing or worn incisors (Tremaine and Casey 2012). Chemical restraint in the form of an α2‐agonist, such as detomidine or romifidine, combined with butorphanol allows for complete examination, particularly if the mouth is painful (Nicholls and Townsend 2016). A dental mirror, hand‐pump water pick with warm water and a dental probe are inexpensive and invaluable tools to clear and assess diastemata.…”

Section: Dental Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The horse relies on the difference in attrition of enamel, dentine and cementum to provide enamel ridges for grinding forage. As the horse ages, the infundibular enamel of the maxillary teeth is gradually worn away and there is a reduction in the enamel infolding found in mandibular teeth (Nicholls and Townsend 2016). The horse becomes ‘smooth mouthed’ and is unable to masticate long fibre effectively.…”

Section: Dental Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in rare cases, they indicate the presence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis, where resorption of the apices of the incisors is accompanied by gingival inflammation, oral pain and halitosis. Results with long‐term antibiotics and anti‐inflammatories are thought disappointing and removal of the affected incisors may be necessary (Earley and Rawlinson 2013, Nicholls and Townsend 2016).…”

Section: Dental Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical care of the geriatric horse

Jarvis¹

2021

In Practice

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Background: Geriatric horses account for a significant proportion of the UK horse population and therefore age‐related conditions are commonly encountered in equine practice. Aim of the article: This review aims to provide an overview of the practical approach to managing osteoarthritis, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, dental disease, weight loss and nutrition and colic in geriatric horses.

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“…The angle between opposing incisors was determined by a multitude of varying terms and definitions, e.g., “interincisal angle” ( 15 ), “angle between upper and lower incisors” ( 3 – 5 ), “angle between maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth” ( 16 ), “angle of the upper and lower incisors” ( 11 ), “direction of upper and lower incisors” ( 7 ), “incisor profile angle” ( 2 , 12 ), “contact angle” ( 10 , 14 ), “angle of incidence” ( 9 , 14 ), or “occlusal angle” ( 13 ). Some investigators defined the angle as “the angle made by the labial borders of the upper and lower incisors” ( 8 ), “the angle formed by the labial surface of the incisive bone and lower jaw incisors” ( 1 ), “the angle between the dorsal surface of upper and lower jaw incisors” ( 2 ), or “lingual borders of the third incisor teeth” ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

2020

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The angle encompassed between opposing incisors in horses is assumed to decline with age. Previous studies merely consider the overall profile view of clinical crowns presuming a generalized angle, neglecting potential tooth position-dependent differences. Cephalometric measurements from 3D computed tomographic thick-slab reconstructions of single incisors within a global reference frame were used to determine clinical crown interincisal angulation (IIA) of 48 horses. Based on predefined dentoalveolar landmarks, IIA was defined as the angle enclosed by the respective labial axis of the clinical crown (LACC). A measurement repeatability analysis was conducted including a comparison of third incisor teeth IIA with data obtained by cephalometric implementation of previously described landmarks for third incisor teeth (lingual/palatal border). The age-related angle course and differences between tooth positions were investigated considering LACCs of permanent incisors. Determining IIA by LACCs exhibited a high level of reproducibility applying for all tooth positions (mean coefficient of variation = 0.65 %; mean SD ± 0.89°). The comparison method for third incisor teeth revealed two times higher mean dispersion of repeated measurements, P = 0.017. A non-linear model slightly increased predictability of angular changes over time as against linearity assumption. The angle decline was more distinctive in younger horses and appears to approach a final value in older ones. Third incisor teeth exhibited significantly higher angle decline compared to first and second incisor teeth, P < 0.0001. According to the results, age determination of horses using clinical crown IIA is not recommended. Rather, 3D cephalometry may provide a promising tool to determine interdental and dentofacial angles of distinct tooth positions in health and disease.

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Dental Disease in Aged Horses and Its Management

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability

High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability

Clinical care of the geriatric horse

Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns

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