Dental-derived stem cells in tissue engineering: the role of biomaterials and host response

Abstract

Dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) are attractive cell sources due to their easy access, superior growth capacity, and low immunogenicity. They can respond to multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) signals, which provide biophysical and biochemical cues to regulate the fate of residing cells. However, the direct transplantation of DSCs suffers from poor proliferation and differentiation towards functional cells and low survival rates due to local inflammation. Recently, elegant advances in the design of novel biomaterials have been made to give promise to the use of biomimetic biomaterials to regulate various cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Biomaterials could be tailored with multiple functionalities, e.g., stimuli-responsiveness. There is an emerging need to summarize recent advances in engineered biomaterials-mediated delivery and therapy of DSCs and their potential applications. Herein, we outlined the design of biomaterials for supporting DSCs and the host response to the transplantation.

Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation

“…Another attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) due to their accessibility compared to that of bone marrow or adipose-derived MSCs, low immunogenicity, robust growth capacity, and multilineage potential [ 30 ]. This category includes dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle-derived MSCs (DFSCs), stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and periapical cysts MSCs (PCy-MSCs) [ 31 ].…”

Insights and Advancements in Periodontal Tissue Engineering and Bone Regeneration

“…While BMSCs can be isolated from the iliac crest, they are also obtainable from orofacial bones [80,81]. Human BMSCs, specifically from the maxilla and mandible, can be isolated from bone marrow aspirated during dental procedures such as dental implantation, third molar extraction, orthodontic osteotomy, or cyst extirpation [82][83][84][85]. The autotransplantation of MSCs derived from bone marrow has demonstrated the ability to stimulate regeneration up to 20% in both cementum and alveolar bone.…”