Dental caries experience, dental anomalies, and morphometric analysis of canine among monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Anu, V. Maria; Arsheya, G S; Anjana, VR; Annison, George Karen; Aruna, M R Lakshmi; Alice, A Priyanka; Aishwarya, B.

doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_345_18

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Caries is the most prevalent multifactorial infectious disease worldwide 14 . Relevant host genetic components influencing salivary flow, tooth anatomy, and host immune response account for 40-60% of disease initiation 15,16 , yet the exact specific contributing factors remain elusive. While recent results indicate the initial impact of the host and the prevalence of caries 17 , very little has been learned in regards to the heritability of the oral www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins

Freire

Moustafa

Harkins

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Humans are host to a multitude of microorganisms that rapidly populate the body at birth, subject to a complex interplay that is dependent on host genetics, lifestyle, and environment. The host-associated microbiome, including the oral microbiome, presents itself in a complex ecosystem important to health and disease. As the most common chronic disease globally, dental caries is induced by hostmicrobial dysbiosis in children and adults. Multiple biological and environmental factors are likely to impact disease predisposition, onset, progression, and severity, yet longitudinal studies able to capture these influences are missing. To investigate how host genetics and environment influenced the oral microbial communities over time, we profiled supragingival plaque microbiomes of dizygotic and monozygotic twins during 3 visits over 12-months. Dental plaque DNA samples were amplified by targeting the 16S rRNA gene V4 region, and microbial findings were correlated with clinical, diet and genetic metadata. We observed that the oral microbiome variances were shaped primarily by the environment when compared to host genetics. Among the environmental factors shaping microbial changes of our subjects, significant metadata included age of the subject, and the age by which subjects initiated brushing habits, and the types of actions post-brushing. Relevant heritability of the microbiome included Actinomyces and Capnocytophaga in monozygotic twins and Kingella in dizygotic twins. Corynebacterium and Veillonella abundances were associated with age, whereas Aggregatibacter was associated with younger subjects. Streptococcus abundance showed an inverse association over time, and Selenomonas abundances increased with brushing frequency per day. Unraveling the exact biological mechanisms in caries has the potential to reveal novel host-microbial biomarkers, pathways, and targets important to effective preventive measures, and early disease control in children. Across various human body habitats, including the oral cavity, mutually beneficial relationships between the host and its microbiome lead to homeostatic phenotypic patterns. While shifts in gastrointestinal 1,2 and skin 3-5 habitats have advanced our understanding of host-microbial dysbiosis, the oral counterpart has not received the same level of mechanistic interrogation, particularly with respect to host genetics link. One central question remaining unanswered is the extent to which differences in the microbiome are explained by host genetics. As one of the most diverse microbial ecologies in humans, the oral microbiome has critical importance to local oral and systemic health. In fact, oral microbial dysbiosis underlies many human oral diseases with systemic consequences, but the exact mechanism regulating microbial patterns associated with health to disease transition and from acute to chronic lesions remains elusive. Loss of host-microbial homeostasis in the oral habitat leads to dysbiosis and a range of oral and systemic conditions, including caries, periodontal diseas...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins

Freire

Moustafa

Harkins

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…(HIMS/IRC/126/20-21) The study protocol was as per the guidelines provided by the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research. The sample size calculation was done based on the previous studies 1,9,10 on the sample size chart with the power of 0.09. Twins aged 12-18-year-old studying in the schools participated in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of twins was done by facial appearance and history 10 . The parents of each twin was met by an investigator, and a history of medical conditions, details of chorionicity, and the number of placental cords were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parents of each twin was met by an investigator, and a history of medical conditions, details of chorionicity, and the number of placental cords were obtained. Twin pairs with (1) permanent occlusion including second molar teeth, (2) no history of dental extraction, prosthesis, or filling in specific contact or occlusal surfaces, (3) no history of diseases, injuries, or surgical intervention in the craniofacial region were included 9,10 . The following twin pairs were excluded 9,10 : (1) children with handicapping conditions including medically compromised individuals, (2) children on long-term medication, (3) children with not completely occluded second permanent molars, (4) children undergoing orthodontic treatment, (5) children with mixed dentition, (6) children with periodontal problems, and (7) children with developmental anomalies such as cleft lip and cleft palate, (7) missing teeth, (8) dental anomalies, (9) children with retained deciduous teeth, and (10) children with severe crowding (11) children with genetic syndromes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among Indian twins, the molar relation was highly significant within MZ twin pairs and had a 100% concordance rate. However, there was a decrease in the correlation rate for MZ twins compared to DZ twins, which suggested that the environment also affected the development of malocclusion 10 . Significant genetic variance of occlusal parameters (e.g., arch size and shape, overjet, overbite, and rotated teeth) have been reported 9 .…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Factors Affect The Occlusion And D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental arch characteristics among South Indian twins

2022

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Genetic and environmental factors are essential in occlusal variations and malocclusion and have been of considerable interest to orthodontists. Studies on twin pairs are one of the most effective methods for investigating genetically determined occlusal variables. Many studies have focused on distances between first molars or between canines but malocclusions can also occur in other regions of the dental arch. Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of the dental arch between pairs of Monozygotic (MZ) and Dizygotic (DZ) twins from Southern India. Methods: A random sample of 51 twin pairs (12–18years old) participated in this study. The zygosity of twin pairs was recorded by facial appearance. The occlusion of the first permanent molars was recorded according to Angle’s classification. Study models were prepared to assess dental arch characteristics (i.e., arch form, arch perimeter, arch length; intercanine, intermolar width, and teeth size discrepancy). The obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software 19.0. The student’s t-test (two-tailed, independent) and Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of studied parameters. Results: Angle’s Class I molar relation was more commonly observed followed by the Class II molar relationship among twins. The measured dental arch dimensions did not show a statistically significant difference among twin pairs. The ovoid arch form was commonly observed among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins. There was a similarity among MZ and DZ twins in the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio. Conclusion: There were similar occurrences of measured parameters among twins, which showed genetic predominance in the expression of measured dental arch traits.

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Genetic Basis of Dental Caries and Periapical Pathology

Vieira

2019

Genetic Basis of Oral Health Conditions

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Dental caries experience, dental anomalies, and morphometric analysis of canine among monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins

Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins

Dental arch characteristics among South Indian twins

Genetic Basis of Dental Caries and Periapical Pathology

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