Dental caries and treatment characteristics in human twins reared apart

Conry, John P.; Messer, Louise Brearley; Boraas, J.C.; Aeppli, D. P.; Bouchard, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(93)90106-v

Cited by 98 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Genetic determinants for components such as salivary and immunologic function, tooth morphology, enamel thickness, and enamel structure and composition, and behavioral aspects such as food preference may influence caries susceptibility. Indeed, studies of twins reared apart suggest that genetic variance accounts for a significant portion (from 45% to 67%) of the dental caries experience in monozygotic twins (Conry et al, 1993). Primary prevention of dental caries is practiced as interruption of transmissible infectious agents or avoidance of exposure to environmental agents, including certain foods, microbes, and cigarette smoking, primarily through education, behavior modification, and environmental measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

Hart

Marazita

Wright

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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As a result of our increased understanding of the human genome, and the functional interrelationships of gene products with each other and with the environment, it is becoming increasingly evident that many human diseases are influenced by heritable alterations in the structure or function of genes. Significant advances in research methods and newly emerging partnerships between private and public sector interests are creating new possibilities for utilization of genetic information for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. The availability and application of genetic information to the understanding of normal and abnormal human growth and development are fundamentally changing the way we approach the study of human diseases. As a result, the issues and principles of medical genetics are coming to bear across all disciplines of health care. In this review, we discuss some of the potential applications of human molecular genetics for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. This discussion is presented in the context of the ongoing technological advances and conceptual changes that are occurring in the field of medical genetics. To realize the promise of this new molecular genetics, we must be prepared to foresee the possibilities and to incorporate these newly emergent technologies into the evolving discipline of dentistry. By using examples of human conditions, we illustrate the broad application of this emerging technology to the study of simple as well as complex genetic diseases. Throughout this paper, we will use the following terminology: Penetrance In a population, defined as the proportion of individuals posessing a disease-causing genotype who express the disease phenotype. When this proportion is less than 100%, the disease is said to have reduced or incomplete penetrance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-A technique for amplifying a large number of copies of a specific DNA sequence flanked by two oligonucleotide primers. The DNA is alternately heated and cooled in the presence of DNA polymerase and free nucleotides, so that the specified DNA segment is denatured, hybridized with primers, and extended by DNA polymerase. MIM-Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalogue number from V. McKusick's Mendelian Inheritance in man (OMIM, 1998).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

Hart

Marazita

Wright

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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“…134 These observations have been supported by further work based on an extended sample of these twins. 135 The susceptibility to caries and other dental hard tissue factors was similar to the assessment of heritability in peri o d o n t a l disease, IQ, religion, values and at t i t u d e s , p e rsonality and interests. Yu et al 1 3 6 found an a s s o c i ation between caries experience and the proline-rich proteins (PRP) in saliva.…”

Section: Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Genetic aspects of dental disorders

Townsend

Aldred

Bartold

1998

Australian Dental Journal

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This paper reviews past and present applications of quantitative and molecular genetics to dental disorders. Examples are given relating to craniofacial development (including malocclusion), oral supporting tissues (including periodontal diseases) and dental hard tissues (including defects of enamel and dentine as well as dental caries). Future developments and applications to clinical dentistry are discussed. Early investigations confirmed genetic bases to dental caries, periodontal diseases and malocclusion, but research findings have had little impact on clinical practice. The complex multifactorial aetiologies of these conditions, together with methodological problems, have limited progress until recently. Present studies are clarifying previously unrecognized genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities and attempting to unravel the complex interactions between genes and environment by applying new statistical modelling approaches to twin and family data. Linkage studies using highly polymorphic DNA markers are providing a means of locating candidate genes, including quantitative trait loci (QTL). In future, as knowledge increases; it should be possible to implement preventive strategies for those genetically-predisposed individuals who are identified to be at risk.

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“…For instance, a subsequent small change in sample size of an originally low sample size can alter heritability estimates (Boraas et al, 1988;Conry et al, 1993). In addition, some studies have employed a limited number of teeth in the analysis, which makes it difficult to generalize to the overall state of resistance or susceptibility to dental caries for a particular person.…”

Section: Weeknesses and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a contribution of genetic factors to dental caries risk

Bretz

Corby

Schork

et al. 2003

Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice

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SummaryDental practitioners would find value in understanding the genetic contribution to caries risk for at least 2 reasons. First, they would be able to explain to patients that some forms of decay are more strongly associated with inherited risk. This would help explain for both the patient and dentist why persons with similar behavioral risks (eg, tooth brushing frequency or dietary habits) have different caries rates, thus avoiding the "blaming the victim" that sometimes accompanies preventive health messages in dentistry. In addition, future technological developments may make it possible to some day identify patients who are genetically at higher risk for caries. These patients then could be monitored more closely and provided with more aggressive prevention programs. SUBJECTSThe literature was searched for evidence of a contribution of genetic factors to increased or decreased risk for dental caries. A search for global evidence of caries heritability was carried out using twin studies. Next, separate searches were carried out for evidence of heritability for 3 potential mechanisms associated with caries risk that included variation in the quality of the dental hard tissues, variation in host immune response, and variation in sugar metabolism. Each of the 4 searches is treated separately below. Inclusion criteria for the selected studies were not provided. No meta-analysis was attempted, since the selected studies, particularly twin studies, employed different statistical models to assess heritability (correlation coefficients, concordance rates, heritability estimates and intra-pair twin covariation). Twin Studies of Global Evidence of Dental Caries Heritability-10 articles employing the twin model study design (a total of 609 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and 569 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins) -50% of studies with children and adolescents of an age range of 3 to 17 years -40% of studies in young adults and adults Studies of Inherited Variations in Dental Enamel-4 reports employing cohort and case-control study designs in participants with epidermolysis bullosa NIH Public Access

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Dental caries and treatment characteristics in human twins reared apart

Cited by 98 publications

References 19 publications

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

Genetic aspects of dental disorders

Evidence of a contribution of genetic factors to dental caries risk

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