Abstract:Dental care among young adults with intellectual disability (ID) is poorly documented and largely unmet. By using population-based data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Follow-Up Study, we assessed factors associated with at least one or two dental visits per year among young adults with and without ID. Significantly fewer young adults with ID (45%) visited a dentist at least once per year, compared with those without ID (58%). ID severity and the presence of co-occurring developmental … Show more
“…Much of the dental literature on disability has focused on children and adults with intellectual disabilities, including those living in congregate care settings. [30][31][32][33] However, intellectual disability is relatively rare, constituting 1% to 3% of the US population, 34 whereas the total prevalence of disability is approximately 19%. 35 Dentists should be aware of the range of disability types they may encounter and of appropriate approaches to meeting the needs of diverse people with disabilities.…”
“…Much of the dental literature on disability has focused on children and adults with intellectual disabilities, including those living in congregate care settings. [30][31][32][33] However, intellectual disability is relatively rare, constituting 1% to 3% of the US population, 34 whereas the total prevalence of disability is approximately 19%. 35 Dentists should be aware of the range of disability types they may encounter and of appropriate approaches to meeting the needs of diverse people with disabilities.…”
“…However, no significant differences between recognizing own-race and other-race faces were observed at a behavioral level. The lack of behavioral evidence of the other-race effect might be due to the limited sample size [41] .…”
Human beings do not passively perceive important social features about others such as race and age in social interactions. Instead, it is proposed that humans might continuously generate predictions about these social features based on prior similar experiences. Pre-awareness of racial information conveyed by others' faces enables individuals to act in “culturally appropriate” ways, which is useful for interpersonal relations in different ethnicity groups. However, little is known about the effects of prediction on the perception for own-race and other-race faces. Here, we addressed this issue using high temporal resolution event-related potential techniques. In total, data from 24 participants (13 women and 11 men) were analyzed. It was found that the N170 amplitudes elicited by other-race faces, but not own-race faces, were significantly smaller in the predictable condition compared to the unpredictable condition, reflecting a switch to holistic processing of other-race faces when those faces were predictable. In this respect, top-down prediction about face race might contribute to the elimination of the other-race effect (one face recognition impairment). Furthermore, smaller P300 amplitudes were observed for the predictable than for unpredictable conditions, which suggested that the prediction of race reduced the neural responses of human brains.
“…There is a growing body of evidence that people with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk of health care disparities, unmet medical needs, and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population (Anderson et al, 2013; Krahn and Fox, 2014; Fenton et al, 2003; Hayden et al, 2005; Kancherla et al, 2013; Morgan et al, 2012; Salvador-Carulla and Symonds, 2016; Heslop and Glover, 2015; Lauer and McCallion, 2015). Recent reports by the United States Public Health Service and the Institute of Medicine identify a number of potential explanations for health disparities for individuals with ID, such as poor access to primary care, failure to include people with ID in public health programs and prevention activities, and insufficient education of health care providers (Krahn and Fox, 2014; Hayden et al, 2005; U.S.…”
Each year in the United States, about 4000 deaths are attributed to cervical cancer, and over 40,000 deaths are attributed to breast cancer (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, 2015). The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of full, partial, and no screening for breast and cervical cancer among women with and without intellectual disability (ID) who are within the age group for screening recommended by the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), while accounting for changes in recommendations over the study period. Women with ID and an age matched comparison group of women without ID were identified using merged South Carolina Medicaid and Medicare files from 2000 to 2010. The sample consisted of 9406 and 16,806 women for mammography screening and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing adherence, respectively. We estimated multinomial logistic regression models and determined that women with ID were significantly less likely than women without ID to be fully adherent compared to no screening with mammography recommendations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.72), and Pap testing recommendations (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.16–0.19). For the 70% of women with ID for whom we had residential information, those who lived in a group home, medical facility, or supervised community living setting were more likely to be fully adherent with both preventive services than those living alone or with family members. For both outcomes, women residing in a supervised nonmedical community living setting had the highest odds of full adherence, adjusting for other covariates.
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