Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID‐19 patients harbours SARS‐CoV‐2

Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho; Fachin, Sabrina; Fonseca, Juliane Gonçalves da; Angst, Patrícia Daniela Melchiors; Lamers, Marcelo Lazzaron; Brum, Ilma Simoni; Nunes, Luciana Neves

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13471

Cited by 35 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…COVID-19 can be transmitted through small droplets of expelled saliva; after inhalation of these droplets, host cells can be infected and symptoms of the disease can appear (J. Xu et al, 2020; R. Xu et al, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 can be found not only in saliva, but also in dental plaque ( Gomes et al, 2021 , To et al, 2020 ). As the saliva and oral cavity are considered reservoirs of the virus, the use of mouthwashes could help in the decrease of COVID-19 transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2: A systematic review

Mendoza

Ubillús

Bolívar

et al. 2022

The Saudi Dental Journal

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Objective This systematic review aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of mouthwashes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Material and methods An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, and was complemented by a manual search. Both clinical and in vitro studies that focused on the antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed only on the clinical studies using the RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results A total of 907 records were found; after initial selection by title and abstract, 33 full-text articles were selected to be evaluated for eligibility. Finally, a total of 27 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis, including 16 in vitro studies and 11 clinical trials. Antiviral effects were evaluated separately for the in vitro and clinical studies. In vitro studies included mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, essential oils, cetylpyridinium chloride, and other compounds; in vivo studies included mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, essential oils, chlorine dioxide, β-cyclodextrin-citrox, and sorbitol with xylitol. Povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils were effective in vitro , while hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, β-cyclodextrin-citrox, and sorbitol with xylitol were effective in vivo . Unclear or high risk of bias was found for almost all clinical studies, and only one study presented with a low risk of bias. No further quantitative analysis was performed. Conclusion Although povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils may be an alternative to reduce the viral load in vitro and in vivo , more studies are needed to determine the real antiviral effect of these different mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2. This work was not funded. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (identification number: CRD42021236134).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2: A systematic review

Mendoza

Ubillús

Bolívar

et al. 2022

The Saudi Dental Journal

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“…Thus, understanding the sites within the body that could harbor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is important to prevent and limit its transmission. Using real‐time quantitative PCR, a recent study has reported the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in dental biofilm 196 . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is present in high levels in saliva and persists up to 11–15 days after infection 197 .…”

Section: The Perio‐systemic Connection: Connected By Viruses or By Ba...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities

Teles

Collman

Mominkhan

et al. 2022

Periodontology 2000

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Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical “suspects” in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.

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“…As discussed previously, the oral cavity can act as a reservoir and point of entry for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in dental plaque of symptomatic COVID-19 patients [38] and in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of both asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic COVID patients [39]. These findings should be considered when defining preventive measures to stop the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 in dental practice.…”

Section: Periodontitis and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationships Among Periodontitis, Pneumonia and COVID-19

Brock

Bahammam

Sima

2022

Front. Oral. Health

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth that affects approximately half of adults 30 years and older. There is increasing interest in the direct and indirect relationships between periodontitis and systemic diseases, including respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence on links among periodontitis, pneumonia, and COVID-19. Oral and periodontal bacteria may be linked to respiratory disease directly by aspiration of pathogens into the lungs causing pneumonia. As SARS-CoV-2 began to spread worldwide in 2020, questions have arisen of how periodontal disease may also be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity, including potential replication and dissemination of the virus from periodontal pockets. Some proposed mechanisms include the oral cavity acting as a reservoir or point of entry for SARS-CoV-2, overgrowth of periodontal pathogens, and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Due to potential links between periodontal disease and respiratory infections like pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2, oral hygiene and management of periodontitis remain essential to help reduce infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID‐19 patients harbours SARS‐CoV‐2

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2: A systematic review

Antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2: A systematic review

Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities

The Relationships Among Periodontitis, Pneumonia and COVID-19

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