Dental anomalies in the gray foxUrocyon cinereoargenteus and the red foxVulpes vulpes

Gisburne, Teresa J.; Feldhamer, George A.

doi:10.1007/bf03192644

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Further, we tested for differences in the relative size of the dental arcade between wolverine with and without dental anomalies. Few similar studies have tested for differences in dental arcade measures among individuals with and without dental anomalies, despite the obvious relationship that may exist between available space in the toothrows and variation in the number or alignment of teeth (Ruprecht 1978, Gisburne andFeldhamer 2005). We predicted that wolverine skulls with missing or rotated teeth would be smaller and the toothrows more crowded than for those without these dental anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dental anomalies suggest an evolutionary trend in the dentition of wolverine (Gulo gulo)

et al. 2016

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In mammals, congenital dental anomalies likely represent an evolutionary trend in the reduction of teeth (oligodonty) from the primitive dental formula. We quantified variation in the number of teeth from 421 wolverine (Gulo gulo) from northwestern Canada, focusing on polydonty (additional teeth), congenital oligodonty, and tooth rotation (misalignment). We predicted that oligodonty may be an evolutionary consequence of a previously reported increase in size of carnassial teeth since the Pleistocene. We also predicted that wolverine with missing or rotated teeth had smaller dental arcades than those without these anomalies. Oligodonty was observed in 42 wolverines (10 %), with the most cases involving the P 1 or P 1 (56 %) and P 2 or P 2 (32 %). We observed rotated teeth in 43 % of wolverines; virtually all of the rotated teeth we observed were P 2 or P 2 . The frequency of oligodonty or rotated teeth was strikingly similar between the sexes. Both oligodonty and rotated teeth were observed more frequently in the mandibular than the maxillary toothrows. Most wolverine (67 %) with oligodonty were missing teeth unilaterally; in contrast, most animals with rotated teeth exhibited bilateralism (86 %). Condylobasal length and most measures of the dental arcade did not differ between wolverine with or without missing or rotated teeth; however, we found that skulls with missing or rotated teeth had narrower palate breadth ratios. Our data suggest that there may be an evolutionary trend in the loss of teeth at the anterior of the toothrows of wolverines, which may be a result of narrower dental arcades and larger carnassial teeth. Wolverine have a hypercarnivorous diet, and selection may be toward optimizing those teeth that contribute to securing and processing food (i.e., canine and carnassial teeth), and against those that likely do not contribute substantially to increasing fitness and survival, such as the P 1 /P 1 and P 2 /P 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dental anomalies suggest an evolutionary trend in the dentition of wolverine (Gulo gulo)

et al. 2016

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“…Cases of dental abnormalities are found in most species. Foxes (Canidae) are known for loss of dentition, reduced size and shape of molars with gray foxes having twice as many anomalies as red foxes (Gisburne and Feldhamer, 2005). In sheep soil grit and plant opal-phytoliths have been linked to abnormal incisor wear and a subsequent decline in the quality of sheep.…”

Section: Abnormalities Of the Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) there were eight categories classified as specific abnormalities to the species (Szuma, 1992). Foxes recorded multiple category rates of 16.0% ,17.3% and 21.7% in different studies (Gisburne andFeldhamer, 2005, Nentvichová andAndĕra, 2008).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of Australia's most highly specialised folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs. For this it is dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to characterise and describe the level of oral health and disease in koalas and then create tools for ongoing analysis.The historical records over a 17-year period were noted for the koalas admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital in South East Queensland. Further, in this study the conclusions were that oral health issues when they existed were only being identified as "low key" due to the lack of investigative tools being used during examinations. This provided the reasoning and impetus behind developing tools to determine the true extent of oral health conditions in the koala. A suitable assessment tool for diagnosing the oral health was designed based on the index scoring methodology and the layout of the Moggill Koala Hospital admission chart, a new oral health chart template was developed. The chart was based on examination of 30 "free-range koalas" and validation and quality assurance analysis of four examiners of varying qualifications. The chart was separated into three sections; containing general animal information such as sex, age, and current systemic health; the General Oral Cavity section and containing information on 12 koala-specific health questions and finally a section on the periodontal health. The charting data is multifunctional with analysis of individual koalas, (sex, group or age). The data from each section provided an index value that was compatible with values from other species clinical charting systems.Using the chart, populations of 200 "free-range" and 95 captive koalas (from three zoos) were examined. Three major indexes were developed during the chart development process and used the following equation; General Oral Cavity (GOCI) + Oral Health Index (OHI) = Final Oral Health Index (FOHI). Initially, the three major index values plus all additional information of each chart were analysed to show the current baseline values of oral health conditions in the koala. Any ii comparison based on singular or multiple animals would either show a decline, same rate or increase from the baseline. These baseline parameters could be compared against any other species that uses the same 0-3 index system.The proportion of koalas from the whole population with an orally related problem was 86%.The average FOHI for the koala as a species was 3.78 ± 3.19, median 3.00. This is the mild category and held 84.5% of all cases. The maximum scores for the groups showed Zoo 3 as having lower range (Zoo 1; 11.42 for a TWC 1 male, Zoo 2; 13.40, Zoo 3; 4.13 and "free-range"; 15.98). The third zoo was the only group to have also had significantly better oral health than "free-range" koalas.Captive koalas showed high scoring at young age (11.42), the "free-range" comparable age score was 3.84. At population level when controlli...

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“…Jablonski [1992] reported a 33.3% frequency of premolar agenesis in a sample of Rhinopithecus roxellana. Agenesis is also common among other mammals (gray foxes and wild pigs), with frequencies approaching or even exceeding 20% in some samples [Feldhamer and McCann, 2004;Gisburne and Feldhamer, 2005]. In modern humans, agenesis primarily occurs at the third molar position, with most examples of congenitally missing teeth across both the cercopithecoids and hominoids being molars [Lavelle and Moore, 1973].…”

Section: Dental Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among nonhuman primates, the highest frequencies of supernumerary teeth are concentrated within a single group (the hominoids), suggesting a phylogenetic (and thus a hered-itary) influence. Supernumerary teeth are generally less common in eutherian mammals retaining less derived dental formulae [Feldhamer and McCann, 2004;Gisburne and Feldhamer, 2005], for example pigs and wild canids ( table 3 ). Among primates, supernumerary teeth are most common in the large-bodied nonhuman hominoids (ranging from 2.9 to 7.9%; table 3 ), which have a more derived dental formula compared to most prosimians [Cuozzo and Yamashita, 2006].…”

Section: Dental Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Variation in Living, Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Sauther¹,

Cuozzo²

2007

IJFP

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While understanding somatic variability among wild primates can provide insight into natural patterns of developmental plasticity, published data for living populations are rare. Here we provide such information for two distinct wild populations of Lemur catta. Variants observed include microtia, athelia, and female virilization. Dental variants observed include individuals with supernumerary teeth, rotated teeth, maxillary incisor agenesis, and severe malocclusion. There was a sex bias in incisor agenesis, with 5 of 7 examples (71%) found in males. The frequency of dental variants in our sample is lower than that seen in many other lemuriformes, as well as other primates. This may be a product of their less derived dental formula and/or their relatively fast dental development. Amassing such data is a critical first step to assess if wild primate populations are exhibiting normal variability or are being affected by potential inbreeding and/or environmental effects.

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Dental anomalies in the gray foxUrocyon cinereoargenteus and the red foxVulpes vulpes

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Dental anomalies suggest an evolutionary trend in the dentition of wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Dental anomalies suggest an evolutionary trend in the dentition of wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Somatic Variation in Living, Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

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