Dental and Periodontal Status of 5 and 12 year old Children in Jakarta and it’s Satellite Cities

Abstract

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which is surrounded by its satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi. Nonetheless, scarce information are available of the current oral health of children. Objective: The study aims to describe caries and gingival status among 5 and 12 years old children in Jabodetabek. Jabodetabek is an abbreviation of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and the satellite cities in its surrounding (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). Methods: The survey was done in 2014 and had already got ethical approval. Design of this study was crosssectional. Subjects were 5-year-old and 12-year-old Indonesian children living in Jabodetabek, selected using cluster sampling method. One trained examiner performed the clinical examination. Caries experience was measured using DMFT index, severity of decayed teeth was assessed using PUFA index, gingival status and oral hygiene were measured by Loe and Sillness modified index. Results: A total of 390 5-year-old and 458 12-year-old children with balanced proportion between girls and boys participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries experience among the 5-yearold children and 12-year-old children were 90% and 84% respectively. The mean DMFT and DT scores among the 5-year-old children and 12-year-old children were 7.5±5.5 and 6.8±4.8; 3.2±2.2 and 2.9±2.1 respectively. Pulp involvement were apparent in 45% and 23% of caries in 5 and 12-year-old children respectively. Most children, 45% 5-year-old children and 92% 12-year-old children had substantial amount of plaque. Moreover, 68% 12-year-old children had gingivitis. Conclusion: Dental caries were prevalent among 5 and 12-year-old Indonesian children in Jakarta and its satellite cities. The oral health condition of most of the children were poor.

Prevalence of early childhood caries among 5‐year‐old children: A systematic review

“…Contradictorily, Korea and Hong Kong had very high HDI scores, but their caries prevalence was high (>50%) compared with their counterparts in Europe. Furthermore, 11 studies in Asia reported mean dmft scores equivalent to or higher than 3 . It is noteworthy that the HDI can indicate only the development level of the entire country, and that the socioeconomic status of an individual city or district cannot be reflected in this index, which is a limitation of the present review.…”

“…An initial screening of the title and abstract revealed that 551 articles were duplicates and 1707 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. Full texts of the remaining 152 articles were assessed, and 37 studies were included in the present study . No additional publications were identified from the bibliography of these 152 articles.…”

“…The included publications described the dental caries situations of the 5-year-old children in 16 countries/districts from six continents. Most of the studies were conducted in Asia (N = 20, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Nepal, Taiwan, and Thailand), [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Europe (N = 7, Greece, Germany, Italy, and UK), [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and in South America (N = 6, Brazil). [48][49][50][51][52][53] Two studies conducted in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and Turkey), 54,55 one in Africa (Sudan), 56 and one in Oceania (Australia) 57 were included.…”

“…Furthermore, 11 studies in Asia reported mean dmft scores equivalent to or higher than 3. [22][23][24]27,29,[31][32][33][34]39,40 It is noteworthy that the HDI can indicate only the development level of the entire country, and that the socioeconomic status of an individual city or district cannot be reflected in this index, which is a limitation of the present review.…”

The Effectiveness of Propolis Fluoride Application in Inhibiting Dental Caries Activity in School Children Age 6-9 Years Old

“…The centers of disease control and prevention of United States reported the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) reached 28% of all toddlers and preschoolers in the U.S. and that almost half of the number of U.S. children had the ECC before entering kindergarten [2]. A comprehensive review of studies in Europe, Africa, Middle East, and North America also revealed the prevalence of childhood dental caries reached 70% and the highest prevalence was found in Africa and Southeast Asia [3][4][5].…”