Dental age estimation in Somali children using the Willems et al. model

Metsäniitty, Mari; Waltimo‐Sirén, Janna; Ranta, Helena; Fieuws, Steffen; Thevissen, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1926-1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A previous study of the same Somali sample [44], comparing Willems model using Belgian Caucasian population [58] and the constructed Somali model, provided support for the universal application of the Willems model for forensic age estimation, since only small differences in age prediction performances were detected between the two models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Studies on the dental development in sub-Saharan populations and in Somalis, indigenous to Northeast Africa, are few, however [ 12 , 41 , 47 ]. Recently, permanent tooth development has been studied in the South-African Black population [ 46 ], in Botswanan children [ 40 ], and in Somali children born in Finland [ 44 ]. Studies of third molar development in sub-Saharan populations were also recently published on South African [ 35 , 43 , 48 – 50 ], Sudanese [ 20 ], Kenyan [ 45 ], Botswanan [ 51 ], Nigerian and Senegalese individuals [ 35 ], and on Northeast Africans from Libya [ 52 ], Morocco [ 53 ] and Sudan [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental age estimation in Somali children and sub-adults combining permanent teeth and third molar development

et al. 2019

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Estimation of an individual’s age has important applications in forensics. In young individuals, it often relies on separate evaluations of permanent teeth (PT) and third molars (TM) development. Here, we analysed the age prediction performance of combined information from PT and TM in an unusual sample of healthy Somalis, born and living in Finland. PT development was staged according to Demirjian et al. ( Hum Biol , 1973) and TM development according to Köhler et al. ( Ann Anat , 1994), using panoramic radiographs from 803 subjects (397 males, 406 females) aged 3–23 years. A sex-specific Bayesian age-estimation model for the multivariate distribution of the stages conditional on age was fitted on PT, TM and PT and TM combined. The age-estimation performances were validated and quantified. The approach combining PT and TM only overestimated age with an ME of − 0.031 years in males and − 0.011 years in females, indicating the best age prediction performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental age estimation in Somali children and sub-adults combining permanent teeth and third molar development

et al. 2019

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“…Willems et al found that the overall MAE was slightly higher with the Willems BC method than with a South African-specific method in black children (0.68 years vs. 0.62 years) [ 18 ]. However, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula et al and Metsäniitty et al found that the overall MAE was same the Willems BC method [ 31 , 32 ]. Our result shows that the overall MAE to be slightly higher when using the Willems BC method than when using the Willems SA method (1.37 years vs. 1.33 years) and that the MAE was the same in boys and girls (1.37 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age estimation based on Willems method versus country specific model in Saudi Arabia children and adolescents

et al. 2021

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Background The aims of this study were to create a method for estimation of dental age in Saudi children and adolescents based on the Willems model developed using the Belgian Caucasian (BC) reference data and to compare the ability of the two models to predict age in Saudi children. Methods Development of the seven lower left permanent mandibular teeth was staged in 1146 panoramic radiographs from healthy Saudi children (605 male, 541 female) without missing permanent teeth and without all permanent teeth fully developed (except third molars). The data were used to validate the Willems BC model and to construct a Saudi Arabian-specific (Willems SA) model. The mean error, mean absolute error, and root mean square error obtained from both validations were compared to quantify the variance in errors in the sample. Results The overall mean error for the Willems SA method was 0.023 years (standard deviation, ± 0.55), indicating no systematic underestimation or overestimation of age. For girls, the error using the Willems SA method was significantly lower but still negligible at 0.06 years. A small but statistically significant difference in total mean absolute error (11 days) was found between the Willems BC and Willems SA models when the data were compared independent of sex. The overall mean absolute error for girls was slightly lower for the Willems BC method than for the Willems SA method (1.33 years vs. 1.37 years). Conclusions The difference in ability to predict dental age between the Willems BC and Willems SA methods is very small, indicating that the data from the BC population can be used as a reference in the Saudi population.

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“…The age prediction performance of the Demirjian method has been validated in Spain [ 13 ], Tunisia [ 14 ], France [ 15 , 16 ], Malaysia [ 17 ], and other countries [ 4 , 10 , 16 , 18 ], leading to an overestimation of CA. The Willems method simplifies the transformation steps of the Demirjian method, creating a new table.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Willems method simplifies the transformation steps of the Demirjian method, creating a new table. It showed that, as tested in different populations, including Somali [ 16 ], South Australian [ 18 ], Navi Mumbai [ 19 ], and Malaysian [ 20 ], the accuracy of estimating DA was consistently higher than that of the Demirjian method [ 21 , 22 ]. Ethnic differences are thought to be a significant factor in the development of dental maturity [ 23 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified dental age assessment method for 5- to 16-year-old eastern Chinese children

et al. 2021

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Objectives Age estimation is widely applied in the field of orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, and forensic science. Dental age estimation by the radiological method is frequently used because of its convenience and noninvasiveness. However, there are not enough suitable methods for eastern Chinese children. This study aimed to establish a modified formula for eastern Chinese children according to the Demirjian method and then compared the accuracy of the modified method with the Demirjian method and Willems method. Materials and methods A total of 2367 dental panoramic radiographs from individuals aged 5–16 years of eastern China were collected as samples. Age estimation was conducted using the Demirjian and Willems methods. The polynomial curve fitting method was used to modify the Demirjian method to improve its application to the eastern Chinese children. The paired t test and accuracy ratio were used to compare the applicability of the modified methods with two commonly used methods. Results The mean chronological age (CA) of the subjects was 11.20 ± 3.29 years for boys and 10.99 ± 3.12 years for girls. The mean difference values between the CA and dental age (DA) (CA–DA) using the Demirjian and Willems methods were 0.73 and 0.7 for boys, respectively, and both 0.79 for girls. The modified method using the polynomial curve fitting presented a smaller underestimation compared with CA for both boys (0.04 years) and girls (0.09 years), which showed a high suitability to Chinese children to some extent. Conclusions The Willems method was more accurate in estimating DA compared with the Demirjian method. However, the modified method was more accurate than the two methods; therefore, it can be used in eastern Chinese children. Clinical relevance It was thought to be a non-invasive, convenient, and efficient method to connect DA and CA. By estimating dental age, pediatrist, and orthodontists can better understand the development of permanent teeth and provide a more accurate orthodontic treatment time and treatment plan to children patients.

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Dental age estimation in Somali children using the Willems et al. model

Abstract: The WM and SM were similar in their age prediction performances, and the use of the WM in dental age assessment in the Somali population is justified.

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Dental age estimation in Somali children and sub-adults combining permanent teeth and third molar development

Dental age estimation in Somali children and sub-adults combining permanent teeth and third molar development

Age estimation based on Willems method versus country specific model in Saudi Arabia children and adolescents

A modified dental age assessment method for 5- to 16-year-old eastern Chinese children

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