Dental Age Assessment by I2M and I3M: Portuguese Legal Age Thresholds of 12 and 14 Year Olds

Abstract

Objective Better understanding of dental age assessment may help in cases of age estimation in Forensic Clinics. The first aim was to provide essential information on method reliability for upcoming studies using dental age assessment by second molar index (I 2M ), and third molar index (I 3M ) for age estimation on legal ages of 12 - 14 years. The second aim was to document forensic method outcomes of the Demirjian method which has already been used in forensic clinic. Material and Methods Two samples were used for this purpose: for I 2M , 633 orthopantomographs (270 females / 363 males), the age range from 7 to 17 years and for I 3M , 471 orthopantomographs (253 females / 218 males), the age range from 10 to 23 years, from the database population of Lisbon North University Hospital Center, approved by the Ethic Committee. Results The I 3M cut-off point (1.133) for 12- year- olds obtained better results than the cut-off point stated by the I 2M (0.135). Besides, I 2M cut-off point (0.001) for 14- year- olds showed better results when compared with the cut-off point (0.705) established by the I 3M . Both methods are reliable for the legal age thresholds of 12 and 14 years. However, using I 2M and I 3M allows us to vary the cut-off value to privilege sensitivities or specificity, depending on which is more appropriate to the intended application. Conclusions The accuracy (88.94%) of I 3M obtained better results for the 12- year- old cut-off point (1.133) and the accuracy (90.21%) of the I 2M performed better for the 14- year- old cut-off point (0.001).

A systematic overview of dental methods for age assessment in living individuals: from traditional to artificial intelligence-based approaches

“…However, it is worth noting that the results are very dependent on the age cohort used to test the methodology. If subjects are not well-balanced around the threshold, that is, if most subjects are younger or older than the legal age, the performance will be abnormally good, as the classifier will tend to assign the majority class to all subjects [ 79 ]. A similar problem can occur if the testing age cohort is too wide, as the further away the subjects are from the age threshold, the easier it is to classify them and, therefore, the better the classification performance.…”