Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Bulk Modulus, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Binary Mixtures of n-Hexylbenzene (1) or n-Butylbenzene (1) in 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane (2) or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane (2) at 0.1 MPa

Abstract

This work reports physical property measurements of binary mixtures of n-hexylbenzene (1) and n-butylbenzene (1) in 2,2,4,6,6pentamethylheptane (2) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (2) at temperatures within the range 253.15−333.15 K. Mixture densities, speeds of sound, and calculated bulk moduli increased with increasing aromatic compound concentration. Excess molar volumes were positive for 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane mixtures, negative for hexylbenzene/ 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane mixtures, and close to zero for butylbenzene/2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane mixtures at 293.15 K. Excess speeds of sound were positive for all mixtures at 298.15 K, except for n-butylbenzene/ 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane mixtures, which were close to zero. These results show that compressibility as well as volume change is important for excess speeds of sound. Kinematic viscosities decreased as the aromatic concentration increased at 293.15 K, except for hexylbenzene (x 1 ) in 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, where increasing hexylbenzene caused a slight viscosity decline before increasing to the value for hexylbenzene. Viscosities were successfully modeled using the McAllister equation. The excess molar Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow at 293.15 K was not statistically different from zero, which suggests ideal behavior for viscosity. Mixture surface tensions at room temperature and flash points fell within the values of the pure components. Many of these mixtures have property values similar to those of petroleum-based diesel and jet fuel.

Thermophysical Properties of Two-Component Mixtures of n-Nonylbenzene or 1,3,5-Triisopropylbenzene with n-Hexadecane or n-Dodecane at 0.1 MPa: Experimentally Measured Densities, Viscosities, and Speeds of Sound and Molecular Packing Modeled Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

“…One can imagine that a positive excess speed of sound, which indicates a speed of sound that is faster than expected ideally, would come from systems where a closer molecular packing, as indicated by negative excess molar volumes, allows for faster transmission of waves. Some mixture systems have exhibited this behavior, but others have had c E and V m E values that are the same sign (+ or −). − , In our recent paper, mixtures of isododecane with propylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene had both positive excess speeds of sound and positive excess molar volumes . An additional factor to consider is the mixture’s isentropic compressibility, κ, which is defined in Table along with its ideal value κ ID .…”

“…Some mixture systems have exhibited this behavior, but others have had c E and V m E values that are the same sign (+ or −). [58][59][60][61]28 In our recent paper, mixtures of isododecane with propylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene had both positive excess speeds of sound and positive excess molar volumes. 62 An additional factor to consider is the mixture's isentropic compressibility, κ, which is defined in Table 9 along with its ideal value κ ID .…”

“…The methods used in the current studied have been reported in previous publications. , To summarize, the viscosity was measured with a viscometer (Anton Paar SVM 3001), and the speed of sound and density were measured with Anton Paar density and sound analyzers (DSA 5000 and DSA 5000M) that utilize sound waves at 3 MHz . During the analysis of each compound or mixture, the instruments were set to report the data under the highest precision level.…”

High-Temperature, High-Pressure Viscosities and Densities ofn-Hexadecane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane, and Squalane Measured Using a Universal Calibration for a Rolling-Ball Viscometer/Densimeter

“…The fitting procedure is described by Caudwell et al 3 and in our previous studies 13, 39 obtained in the present study and other studies to Tait calculated densities, ρ calc .  -This study,  -Cannet et al 31 , -Barrahou et al 63 ,  -Et-Tahir et al 32 ,  -Zeberg-Mikkelsen et al 37 , ⊞ -Fermeglia and Torriano 33 , and ⊠ -Lunning-Prak et al 36,64,65 .…”

Properties of Two-Component Mixtures of Isobutylcyclohexane (1) or tert-Butylcyclohexane (1) with n-Dodecane (2) or n-Hexadecane (2): Densities, Surface Tensions, Viscosities, and Speeds of Sound at 0.1 MPa and Various Temperatures

“…Previous studies provide details about the methods and the analytical standards used to calibrate and test the instruments used in the current study. − Measurements were made using a Kruss DS100 drop shape analyzer, Anton Paar SVM 3001 viscometer, and Anton Paar DSA 5000 M sound and density analyzer. Note that the DSA 5000 M used 3 MHz sound waves.…”