Density, Viscosity, Refractive Index, and Surface Tension for Six Binary Systems of Adamantane Derivatives with 1-Heptanol and Cyclohexylmethanol

Abstract

Measurements on densities (ρ), viscosities (η), and refractive indices (n D ) from (293.15 to 333.15) K and at 0.1 MPa along with the surface tensions (γ) at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa for binary mixtures of 1,3-dimethyladamantane (1,3-DMA), 1-ethyladamantane (1-EA), and 1,3,5-trimethyladamantane (1,3,5-TMA) with 1-heptanol or cyclohexylmethanol have been carried out over the entire composition range. The experimental data are used to calculate the excess molar volumes (V m E ), viscosity deviations (Δη), molar refraction deviations (Δ Φ R), and surface tension deviations (Δγ). The V m E , Δη, Δ Φ R, and Δγ values have been fitted to the Redlich−Kister polynomial equation. From these excess or deviation functions, the molecular interactions and nonideality of the binary systems are discussed. The results are expected to provide fundamental data for understanding the properties of adamantane derivatives as potential components and the composition optimization of new high energy-density hydrocarbon fuels.

Study of Density, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures Containing Alkyl Levulinate and n-Alcohol from 298.15 to 323.15 K

“…The values of fitting parameters, A i , and standard deviation, σ, as in eqs 3 and 4, respectively, from fitting the Redlich−Kister equation to the observed molar refraction deviation (ΔR) are summarized in Table 12. behavior of ΔR has also been observed in many binary systems such as anisole with xylene; 65 1-heptanol with 1,3-dimethyladamantane, 1-ethyladamantane, and 1,3,5-trimethyladamantane; 15 ethanol with pyridine; 31 acetyl acetone with n-nonane, n-decane, and n-dodecane; 46 1,4-dioxane with diethyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate; 47 anisole with 2-chloroethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and dioxane; 48 cyclohexylmethanol with 1,3-dimethyladamantane, 1-ethyladamantane, and 1,3,5-trimethyladamantane. 15 Meanwhile, an Sshaped curve was reported for the evolution of ΔR with changing composition of the n-haxadecane with solketal binary mixture.…”

“…In this study, for Vm E and other cases, the best fit for eq 3 was obtained using a total of four fitting parameters: A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . In other studies, the fitting has featured a different number of parameters, including two, 31 three, 31,46−49 four, 14,15,31,32,36,39,50 five, 5,10,13,45 and six 37 parameters, where the optimal number of fitting parameters were determined using several approaches, such as inspection of the variation of the standard deviation, 6,10,44,46−48 F-test, 31,36 and Akaike Information Criteria. 37 Equations 3 and 4 were also used to determine the standard deviation of other deviation properties, surface tension deviation (Δγ) and molar refraction deviation (ΔR), where Y is the value of the respective deviation property, as will be discussed in the subsequent sections.…”

“…It is implied that the chemical and structural interactions contributed to the negative value of excess molar volumes, while the physical interactions contributed to the positive value. 15,34,51 The negative value of excess molar volumes can be explained by the existence of chemical interaction such as hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules of mixture that makes the contraction of solution volume. 31,52 Besides, the negative value rises from the structural factor include geometrical interstitial accommodation of molecules in each other's structure due to the differences in the size and shape of the molecules in the mixture.…”

“…31 Thus, the strength of the interaction between components in a mixture can be measured from ΔR. Studies reported the ΔR of binary mixtures based on volume fraction 14,15,31,[46][47][48]62,68,69 and mole fraction basis. 9,52,65,70 It is implied that there is no general rule that states how to interpret molar refractivity function.…”

“…The studies include evaluation of properties and their excess and deviation function for binary mixtures of 2,5-dimethylfuran; a furanbased biofuel additive, with furfuryl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol, 13 and binary mixtures of solketal; a diesel additive, with cetane, 14 and binary mixtures of adamantane derivatives; and a high energy density fuels, with 1-heptanol and cyclohexyl methanol. 15 In this study, the molecular interactions in the binary mixtures of alkyl levulinates with n-alcohols are investigated, which are considered as important chemicals due to their extensive use as precursors to synthesize various value-added compounds. The density (ρ), surface tension (γ), and refractive index (n) of a series of binary mixtures of methyl levulinate with methanol (ML−M), ethyl levulinate with ethanol (EL−E), and n-butyl levulinate with butanol (BL−B), were measured at the temperature range of T = 298.15−323.15 K and an atmospheric pressure of p = 0.1 MPa.…”