Density-Related Mortality in Cameraria hamadryadella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) at Epidemic and Endemic Densities

Connor, Edward F.; Beck, Michael W.

doi:10.2307/3544947

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Different branches were selected each month for 9 mo, for a total of 1800 leaves censused per plot. This is a common method of assessing leafminer densities on trees (Bultman andFaeth 1987, Connor andBeck 1993). Censuses were taken between July 1996 and March 1997, a period that corresponded to leaf flushing after the burn until leaf drop, at which time a new cohort of leaves was formed on the trees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Leaf-Miner Abundance in Elevated CO 2 : Reduced Leaf Quality and Increased Parasitoid Attack

Stiling¹,

Rossi²,

Hungate³

et al. 1999

Ecological Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Most studies on the effects of elevated CO 2 have focused on the effects on plant growth and ecosystem processes. Fewer studies have examined the effects of elevated CO 2 on herbivory, and of these, most have examined feeding rates in laboratory conditions. Our study takes advantage of an open-top CO 2 fertilization study in a Florida scrub-oak community to examine the effects of elevated CO 2 on herbivore densities, herbivore feeding rates, and levels of attack of herbivores by natural enemies.Higher atmospheric CO 2 concentration reduced plant foliar nitrogen concentrations, decreased abundance of leaf-mining insect herbivores, increased per capita leaf consumption by leafminers, and increased leafminer mortality. As suggested by other authors, reduced foliar quality contributed to the increase in herbivore mortality, but only partly. The major factor increasing mortality was higher attack rate by parasitoids. Thus increasing CO 2 concentrations may reduce the survivorship of insect herbivores directly, by reducing plant quality, but also indirectly, by changing herbivore feeding and eliciting greater top-down pressure from natural enemies.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Leaf-Miner Abundance in Elevated CO 2 : Reduced Leaf Quality and Increased Parasitoid Attack

Stiling¹,

Rossi²,

Hungate³

et al. 1999

Ecological Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, extrapolation from laboratory study to the field may be risky because many factors other than plant nutrition potentially influence oviposition behavior or larval performance. Such factors include tritrophic interactions through natural enemies (Denno et al 1990;Yamaga and Ohgushi 1999), spatial and temporal variability of host plants (Williams 1983;Bursten and Wool 1993), and larval competition (Connor and Beck 1993;Ekbom 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference and performance linkage of a leaf‐mining moth on different Salicaceae species

Kagata

Ohgushi

2001

Population Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance of a leaf-mining moth (Paraleucoptera sinuella) on four Salicaceae species was investigated in 1997 and 1998. We observed the egg distribution pattern on different plant species in the field and carried out oviposition experiments in the laboratory to determine the preference of ovipositing females. We also examined larval survival, pupal mass, and developmental time to compare larval performance on each plant species. Egg density in the field differed significantly among plant species. However, egg density was not correlated exactly with demonstrated oviposition preference. No larvae could develop on two Salix species. This finding indicated that larval survival is the most critical index of larval performance. Larval performance on each plant species was correlated well with oviposition preference that was revealed by a no-choice experiment in the laboratory. However, this correlation was not found in the field. These results indicate that the preference-performance linkage that was observed under laboratory conditions, was not always maintained in the field.

show abstract

“…in the subgenus Lepidobalanus. Although usually differing opinion], gall forming aphids in the genus Pemphigus occurring at low densities (Ͻ 0.1 individuals/leaf), outbreak (Whitham, 1983), and leaf-mining moths in the genera populations are also observed (Solomon et al, 1980;Connor Phyllonorycter and Cameraria (Martin, 1956;Hinckley, 1972;& Beck, 1993;Connor et al, 1994;Auerbach et al, 1995). Miller, 1973) are more abundant in the lower crown of their During the course of this study average densities ranged from host trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon completion of development in midJuly, each leaf mine was dissected to determine the fate of the occupant. Each leaf mine was classified as meeting one of Foliage quality hypothesis three outcomes: live larvae or pupae, successful emergence, or died due to other causes (Connor & Beck, 1993). Survival rate was estimated as the proportion successfully emerging, or alive To determine whether the observed gradient in density of C. hamadryadella represents preference of females to oviposit when sampled, averaged among leaves within each stratum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of vertical stratification in the density of Cameraria hamadryadella

Brown

Vargo

Connor

et al. 1997

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. 1. The density of Cameraria hamadryadella, a leaf-mining moth, is vertically stratified within the crown of oak trees. It occurs at higher densities on foliage in the lower crown.2. Oviposition preference tests indicate that females display no preference to oviposit on foliage from the lower tree crown over foliage from the upper tree crown.3. Experiments in which potted trees were placed at various heights indicate that foliage nearest ground level receives more oviposition, and that the higher rates of oviposition on foliage near the ground is not caused by differences in quality between foliage from low or high in the tree crown.4. Host-plant-and natural-enemy-mediated juvenile mortality and the abundance of parasitoids did not differ between the upper and lower crown.5. Vertical differences in the timing of leaf production within the tree crown are unlikely to account for the observed gradient in the abundance of C. hamadryadella. Furthermore, the mean date of leaf fall does not differ among heights within the tree crown.6. It is argued that microclimatic gradients and interspecific competition are also unlikely to account for the observed gradients in the density of C. hamadryadella within the tree crown.7. Because of the absence of effects of other potentially causal factors, the most likely explanation for the gradient in density of C. hamadryadella is a lack of movement by females into the upper tree crown from overwintering, emergence, or resting sites located in the lower tree crown, combined with egg depletion by females as they move from the lower to the upper tree crown.8. It is suggested that the lack of movement and egg depletion hypothesis should serve as the null hypothesis in studies of vertical stratification of tree-feeding insects.In the absence of evidence of an effect of foliage quality, natural enemies, plant phenology, interspecific competition, or microclimate, the movement and egg depletion hypothesis is the most reasonable.

show abstract

Density-Related Mortality in Cameraria hamadryadella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) at Epidemic and Endemic Densities

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Decreased Leaf-Miner Abundance in Elevated CO 2 : Reduced Leaf Quality and Increased Parasitoid Attack

Decreased Leaf-Miner Abundance in Elevated CO 2 : Reduced Leaf Quality and Increased Parasitoid Attack

Preference and performance linkage of a leaf‐mining moth on different Salicaceae species

Causes of vertical stratification in the density of Cameraria hamadryadella

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About