Density of wild boar population and spread of African swine fever in the Russian Federation

Захарова, О. И.; Blokhin, Andrey A.; Toropova, Nadezhda N.; Бурова, О. А.; Yashin, Ivan V.; Korennoy, Fedor I.

doi:10.29326/2304-196x-2022-11-2-104-113

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Recent studies have shown that the movement of infected animals, importation of contaminated pork products, and hunting activity are significant factors in the transmission of ASF between domestic pigs and wild boar populations [9][10][11]. Studies of the local ASF outbreaks in some European countries were aimed at testing the density of wild boar populations as a significant factor determining the spread of the disease [12][13][14][15]. In some cases, the deaths of wild boar from ASF were registered near farms [4,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with the African Swine Fever Outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia, 2011–2022

Zakharova,

Blokhin,

Yashin

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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African swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary viral disease that affects both domestic pigs and wild boar, causing enormous damage to the pig production. Numerous studies are devoted to elucidating the role of domestic and wild pigs in ASF outbreaks. The identification of the risk factors contributing to the spread of disease in previously unaffected regions is of special interest. We conducted a retrospective analysis of sporadic ASF outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2022 among both domestic pig and wild boar populations. Methods of spatiotemporal cluster analysis, mathematical modeling with logistic and negative binomial regressions, as well as the cross-correlation analysis of time series, were used to identify the most significant factors associated with the ASF outbreaks’ presence and intensity. Regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant correlation between ASF outbreaks in wild boar and their population density over the entire study period. However, the spatial and temporal coincidence between outbreaks and increased wild boar density was observed at the beginning of the ASF epidemic in the region. We identified the significant environmental and sociodemographic factors contributing to the spread of ASF in both domestic pig and wild boar populations. The number of small-scale farms (backyards) and summary road length were determined as the main factors contributing to the spread of ASF among domestic pigs in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The regression model for ASF outbreaks in the wild boar population revealed the presence of water bodies, number of hunting farms, and the occurrence of ASF outbreaks in the domestic pig population to be the main explanatory factors. A statistically significant coincidence was identified between the monthly volume of pork products imported to the region from the rest of Russia and the occurrence of ASF outbreaks in both domestic and wild populations. Thus, the identified spatiotemporal patterns may be useful to determine areas with an elevated risk of ASF outbreaks emergence for better resource management, disease control, and prevention. The importance of intensified monitoring and control measures in the pig products supply chain is strongly needed. The obtained models can be applied not only by the veterinary service of the Nizhny Novgorod region but to other regions with similar environmental and sociodemographic conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with the African Swine Fever Outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia, 2011–2022

Zakharova,

Blokhin,

Yashin

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Risk factors for African swine fever spread in wild boar in the Russian Federation

Zakharova,

Blokhin,

Burova

et al. 2024

Veterinariâ segodnâ

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The analysis and assessment of risk factors associated with the occurrence, spread and persistence of African swine fever (ASF) virus in wild boar population are an important tool in determining the strategic measures aimed at eradicating epizootics and mitigating their consequences. A thorough examination of foreign and domestic literature revealed that wild boar population management factors, socio-economic and environmental ones, that mainly account for the density and number of animals were the most significant and associated with the risk of ASF outbreak occurrence in wild animals. In order to identify risk factors for the spread of the disease in wild boar in the Russian Federation Subjects, a regression model was built to examine the relationship between the annual number of ASF outbreaks in wild boar at the municipal raion level, wild boar population density and some other factors for the period between 2007 and 2022. Based on the Subject-level regression modelling results, a positive association between the intensity of the disease outbreaks and wild boar population density was identified in 42.5% of the model regions of the Russian Federation. Other significant factors were the length of roads, the presence of forest cover and outbreaks in domestic pigs. However, on the whole, for all the infected Subjects, the regression model demonstrated the failure of the wild boar population density factor to explain the observed ASF outbreak distribution, and this may be indicative of the existence of other epizootic drivers of the disease spread in the wild. One of such mechanisms may be the persistence of infectious potential in the external environment and in the formed stationary local foci of African swine fever, despite the anti-epizootic measures taken, including the measures aimed at regulating the number of susceptible population – depopulation.

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Spatio-temporal clustering of African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: <i>Asfivirus</i>) circulating in the Kaliningrad region based on three genome markers

Chernyshev,

Igolkin,

Shotin

et al. 2024

Problems of Virology

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Introduction. The rapid spread of African swine fever in the Kaliningrad region makes it necessary to use the methods of molecular epidemiology to determine the dynamics and direction of ASF spread in this region of Russia. The aim of the study was to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms within molecular markers K145R, O174L and MGF 505-5R of ASFVs isolated in Kaliningrad region and to study the circulating of the pathogen in European countries by subgenotyping and spatio-temporal clustering analysis. Materials and methods. Blood samples from living domestic pigs and organs from dead domestic pigs and wild boars, collected in the Kaliningrad region between 2017 and 2022 were used. Virus isolation was carried out in porcine bone-marrow primary cell culture. Amplicons of genome markers were amplified by PCR with electrophoretic detection and subsequent extraction of fragments from agarose gel. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method. Results. The circulation of two genetic clusters of ASFV isolates on the territory of the Kaliningrad has been established: epidemic (K145R-III, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 94.3% of the studied isolates) and sporadic (K145R-II, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 5.7%). Conclusion. The broaden molecular genetic surveillance of ASFV isolates based on sequencing of genome markers is necessary in the countries of the Eurasian continent to perform a more detailed analysis of ASF spread between countries and within regions.

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Density of wild boar population and spread of African swine fever in the Russian Federation

Cited by 3 publications

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Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with the African Swine Fever Outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia, 2011–2022

Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with the African Swine Fever Outbreaks in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia, 2011–2022

Risk factors for African swine fever spread in wild boar in the Russian Federation

Spatio-temporal clustering of African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: <i>Asfivirus</i>) circulating in the Kaliningrad region based on three genome markers

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