Density of Ices of Astrophysical Interest

Satorre, M. Á.; Luna, R.; Millán, Carlos; Domingo, M.; Santonja, C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90020-9_4

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…6. It can be observed, as in the results derived from Satorre et al (2018), that the Loeffler et al (2016) experimental values are lower than the theoretical values. Both sets of values decrease linearly from 15 to 60 K and appear to remain at a constant value up to 70 K. Another aspect to emphasize is that while the experimental measurements indicate a lack of porosity from 60 K, and possibly between 50 and 60 K, the theoretical measurements seem to indicate the presence of a minimum value for porosity, which is in agreement with the experimental results obtained via other methods (Schulze & Abe 1980).…”

Section: Comparison Of Emas and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Also in Loeffler et al (2016), for 30 and 70 K, some experiments without thermal shield are carried out. Porosity calculated at 30 K is higher than that with thermal shield, but they do not reach the values derived from Satorre et al (2018). At 70 K they are indistinguishable with or without thermal shield, and for this reason they are not present in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Emas and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The porosity of solid CO 2 was calculated experimentally (with known density), and it was also theoretically derived (from the refractive index) using the EMA theories at temperatures ranging from 10 to 86 K. The experimental values, both n and ρ, correspond to those published in Satorre et al (2008) updated with results obtained between 2009 and 2018 (Satorre et al 2018). Graphs in this section plot density, refractive index, and porosity vs. temperature of deposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The latter is the method we chose; we assumed the highest value that Maass & Barnes (1926) found (1.67 g cm −3 ). However, as Satorre et al (2018) point out, this intrinsic density was obtained at different temperatures and with different procedures than those used in this research, which is mainly devoted to astrophysical applications. This allowed comparison with the values derived from theoretical models mentioned above that use the refractive index to estimate the ice porosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were performed in a set-up described in detail in previous works (e.g. Satorre et al 2018). It consists of a high vacuum (HV) chamber at 10 −7 mbar base pressure, inside which a closed-cycle He cryostat cools down the sample holder close to 10 K. The temperature can be controlled up to room temperature with 0.5 K accuracy.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental test for effective medium approximations (EMAs)

Millán

Santonja

Domingo

et al. 2019

A&A

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Aims. The effective medium approximations (EMAs), or the Lorentz–Lorenz, Maxwell-Garnett, and Bruggeman models, largely used to obtain optical properties and porosities of pure and ice mixtures, have been experimentally tested in this work. The efficiency of these approximations has been studied by obtaining the porosity value for carbon dioxide ice grown at low temperatures. An explanation of the behaviour of the experimental results for all temperatures is given. The analysis carried out for CO2 can be applied to other molecules. Methods. An optical laser interference technique was carried out using two laser beams falling on a growing film of ice at different incident angles which allowed us to determine the refractive index and the thickness of the film. The mass deposited is recorded by means of a quartz crystal microbalance. Porosity is determined from its equational definition by using the experimental density previously obtained. Results. From the experimental results of the refractive index and density, porosity values for carbon dioxide ice films grown on a cold surface at different temperatures of deposition have been calculated and compared with the results obtained from the EMA equations, and with recent experimental results. Conclusion. The values of porosity obtained with the EMA models and experimentally, show similar trends. However, theoretical values overestimate the experimental results. We can conclude that using the EMAs to obtain this parameter from an ice mixture must be carefully considered and, if possible, an alternative experimental procedure that allows comparisons to be made should be used.

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Section: Comparison Of Emas and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Comparison Of Emas and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental test for effective medium approximations (EMAs)

Millán

Santonja

Domingo

et al. 2019

A&A

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Electronic sputtering of solid N2 by swift ions

Dartois

Chabot

Barkach

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Cosmic-ray sputtering of interstellar ices in the electronic regime

Dartois

Chabot²,

Costa³

et al. 2023

A&A

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Aims. With this article, we aim to provide the sputtering yields for molecular species of potential astrophysical interest and in the electronic regime of interaction characteristic of cosmic rays. We specifically target molecules that are constitutive of interstellar ice mantles. Methods. We used a compendium of existing data on electronic sputtering to calculate the prefactors leading to the generalisation of the stopping-power-dependent sputtering yield for many species condensing at low temperature. In addition, we present new experimental results to constrain the yield for solid CH4, C6, and CH3CN. Results. Electronic sputtering is constrained using literature data for H2, HD, D2, Ne, N2, CO, Ar, O2, Kr, Xe, CO2, SO2, NH3, S, H2O, D2O, CH3OH, Leucine, C20H12, C24H12, and C60. A first-order relation with the sublimation enthalpy is derived, which allows us to predict the sputtering yield within an order of magnitude for most species. The fluctuations around the mean are partly assignable to the differences in resilience towards radiolysis for individual species, and partly to the micro-physics details of the energy transfer to the lattice.

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Density of Ices of Astrophysical Interest

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

An experimental test for effective medium approximations (EMAs)

An experimental test for effective medium approximations (EMAs)

Electronic sputtering of solid N2 by swift ions

Cosmic-ray sputtering of interstellar ices in the electronic regime

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