Density of Colonies and Spatial Distribution of Foraging Territories of the Desert Subterranean Termite,
Heterotermes aureus
(Snyder)
123

Haverty, Michael I.; Nutting, W. L.; Fage, J.P. La

doi:10.1093/ee/4.1.105

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In a semi-arid desert in Europe, termite galleries extended to "considerable depths" below the surface, sometimes penetrating masses of limestone [Lee and Wood, 1971]. Because of the difficulty of observing subterranean termites in situ, very little information, other than anecdotal accounts, exists for the depth and extent of soil disturbance by termites [Haverty et al, 1975].…”

Section: Invertebrate Burrowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

Cochran¹,

Beyeler²,

Brosseau³

et al. 2001

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Intermediate depth disposal operations were conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at the DOE's Nevada Test Site (NTS) from 1984 through 1989. These operations emplaced highspecific activity low-level wastes (LLW) and limited quantities of classified, "special case" transuranic (TRU) wastes in 37 m (120-ft) deep, 3 m (10 ft) diameter Greater Confinement Disposal (GCD) boreholes.Four boreholes contain about 60,000 kg (132,000 lb.) of classified TRU waste packages, containing less than 330 curies of Plutonium-239. All of the TRU wastes emplaced in the GCD boreholes are classified for national security reasons and cannot be disposed of in the DOE's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 40 CFR 191 defines the requirements for protection of human health from disposed TRU wastes. This EPA standard sets a number of requirements, including probabilistic limits on the cumulative releases of radionuclides to the accessible environment for 10,000 years. This report presents the performance assessment (PA) that has been conducted to determine if disposal of TRU waste in the GCD boreholes complies with the EPA's 40 CFR 191 requirements.Sandia National Laboratories completed this PA using all available information and an Iterative PA Methodology, which focused work on uncertainty reduction in a cost-effective fashion that does not overestimate system performance and assured defensibility. The simplicity of the conceptual models of the GCD disposal system allowed them to be implemented in Microsoft ® Visual Basic™ macros in an Access™ database. This PA model is built from a mathematical expression for mass conservation that includes the operation of a number of transport processes, including dissolution, precipitation, reversible chemical sorption onto soil, advection, diffusion, dispersion, radioactive decay and ingrowth, plant uptake, and bioturbation. The mathematical model and implementing code was used to calculate a complementary cumulative distribution function of integrated normalized release to the accessible environment for 10,000 years and probability distributions of dose based on two exposure conditions for the 1,000 year individual protection requirements.The primary conclusions of this PA are that the disposal of TRU wastes in the GCD boreholes will, at most, result in minuscule doses to individuals, and that the GCD disposal system easily meets the EPA's 1985, 40 CFR 191 requirements for disposal of TRU waste. Further, there is a strong, reasonable expectation that actual system performance will be better than what is simulated in this PA.vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: Invertebrate Burrowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

Cochran¹,

Beyeler²,

Brosseau³

et al. 2001

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show abstract

“…Block kriging was used to produce average predicted probabilities of termite occurrence across sample intervals (Webster 1985;Robertson et al 1993); punctual kriging of these indicator data would result in either 0 or 1 at each 10-m interval since punctual estimates of the sample locations must be the same as the observed values (Webster 1985;Davis 1986). Moreover, in contrast to a soil-core sample which produces a point estimate, termites were likely sampled from large areas surrounding each bait (Haverty et al 1975) and therefore represent a larger bulk sample of soil (cf. Webster 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling of termites involves baits of wood or paper (Nutting and Jones 1990) to determine frequency of occurrence and colony spacing (Haverty et al 1975;Jones et al 1987), whereas insecticides are used to examine the eects of termite activity on litter decomposition (Silva et al 1985). Fine-scale distribution patterns of termites and food location are in¯uenced by vegetation cover (Jones et al 1987), or by thermal shadows created by shrubs, logs and dung pats (Ettershank et al 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of termites in shortgrass steppe: a geostatistical approach

Crist

1998

Oecologia

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The broad-scale distribution of subterranean termites (Reticulitermestibialis) was studied in a shortgrass-steppe ecosystem in northern Colorado, United States. Termite occurrence and abundance was measured over 4 months at 10-m intervals along a 900-m transect that spanned a topographic gradient. Geostatistics were used to model the probability of termite occurrence along the transect, and to identify the distributional extent and potential roles of termites in shortgrass steppe. Semivariance was calculated between sample pairs of differing distances and kriging was used to interpolate the probability of termite occurrence along the transect. The semivariogram showed spatial dependence in termite distribution between samples 10-330 m apart and converged on the population variance at distances >330 m, which suggested that spatial dependence explained much of the broad-scale variation in termite distribution. A relatively large nugget variance, however, indicated there was spatial dependence below the 10-m sampling resolution. Termites were most frequently found on a south-facing slope and in a lowland swale. Four-wing saltbush (Atriplexcanescens) was also common in these areas and is important in the production of woody litter. The distribution of termites was significantly associated with proximity to saltbush, which showed a strong spatial dependence at scales <500 m. Kriged probabilities of occurrence and cross-correlation between termites and shrubs showed that peak termite occurrence was shifted upslope 100 m from areas of closest shrub proximity. Other factors, such as soil temperature, texture, or organic matter, are therefore likely to influence termite distributions in shortgrass steppe. The geostatistical approach used here provides a basis for further study on termites in shortgrass steppe, where their roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling are unknown. Geostatistics could also be used to describe distribution patterns on other soil arthropods sampled from traps or soil cores along transects that span topographic or land-use changes.

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“…Other materials have been used, such as translocated dungpats (de Souza 1993) and sawdust (Abensperg-Traun 1993). Baits are often set in grid formation (so-called "graveyard" trials), and in some cases the area is first cleared of naturally occurring fallen wood (Haverty et al 1975). Wooden baits are usually cut from timber known to be susceptible to the local wood-feeding termites.…”

Section: Sampling Termites Using Baitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baiting has been useful in studying inter-and intraspecific foraging activity (Sands 1972, Buxton 1981, Ferrar 1982, Pearce 1990, Dawes-Gromadzki 2003, size of foraging territory (Haverty et al 1975), and rates of food consumption (Haverty & Nutting 1974, Abe 1980. Baiting has also been used to estimate local species richness (de Souza 1993, Dangerfield & Mosugelo 1997, Taylor et al 1998).…”

Section: Sampling Termites Using Baitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Sampling Termites

Jones¹,

Verkerk²,

Eggleton³

2005

Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems

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Density of Colonies and Spatial Distribution of Foraging Territories of the Desert Subterranean Termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) 123

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

The spatial distribution of termites in shortgrass steppe: a geostatistical approach

Methods for Sampling Termites

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