Density measurement of Ti–X (X = Cu, Ni) melts and thermodynamic correlations

Watanabe, Manabu; Adachi, Masayoshi; Fukuyama, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1007/s10853-018-3098-2

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Buenconsejo et al [20] claimed that TiNi3 phase was formed in the Ti-Ni-W composites due to the reaction of Ti with Ni. Furthermore, Watanabe et al [21] reported that Ti was inclined to react with Ni to form Ti-Ni intermetallics other than with Cu since the mixing enthalpy of Ti-Ni (-40.17 kJ mol -1 ) was lower than that of the Ti-Cu (-3.67 kJ mol -1 ). Arroyave and Eagar [22] also demonstrated that the enthalpy of Ti-Ni interaction (-187 kJ mol -1 ) was much lower than that of the Ti-Cu interaction (-10 kJ mol -1 ).…”

Section: Microstructure Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonding of graphite to Cu with metal multi-foils

Cai

et al. 2023

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Graphite/Cu bonding is essential for the fabrication of graphite-based plasma-facing parts and graphite-type commutators. Transient liquid phase bonding of graphite/Cu has been conducted separately with Ti/Cu/Ti and Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils. The interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the bonded joints have been characterized. For the joint with Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils, complete melting of the Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils and interdiffusion between the molten zone and the Cu substrate occur during the bonding process, leading to formation of Ti-Cu intermetallics in the bonding area. The liquid phase flowing towards sidewall of the Cu substrate gives rise to a thickness of the bonding area far less than those of the as-received multi-foils. For the joint with Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils, the bonding area can be divided into three parts (areas I, II and III). The bonding areas I and III are comprised of Ti-Cu intermetallics and Ti(CuxNi1-x)2, while the bonding area II consists of a Ni layer and two thin TiNi3 reaction layers. The thickness of the whole bonding area is similar to those of the as-received multi-foils, indicating that addition of Ni foil can prevent the loss of liquid phase zone by inhibiting the excessive liquid phase formation. The addition of a Ni foil in bonding of the graphite/Cu may alleviate the joint residual stress by its intermediate coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to accommodate any thermal mismatch in the joint and by its superior ductility and plasticity, thus resulting in shear strength promotion of the joint with the Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils by approximately 35% when compared to the Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils.

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Section: Microstructure Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonding of graphite to Cu with metal multi-foils

Cai

et al. 2023

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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“…Such a shape deformation complicates the volume calculation which uses a series of two-dimensional (2D) images of the sample silhouette. In order to address this issue, a machine vision technique [24] and a static magnetic field [25] have been used for the density measurement using EML.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation

et al. 2022

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Accurate density measurement of molten refractory metals over 3000 K is very challenging, which is difficult to be achieved with conventional methods. Although containerless techniques have been the most effective and well-established methods to measure the density of molten metals at such high temperatures, a large discrepancy in the containerlessly measured density values has been reported. Here, we identify the uncertainty factors of the density measurement and their influence on the measured density of molten refractory metals over 3000 K using an electrostatic levitator (ESL). We find that intensely focused laser beams can cause rotation-induced deformation of a levitated droplet and thus the large uncertainty in the measured density. Moreover, the combination of sample rotation and precession seriously affects the measurements of density and temperature dependence of density (i.e., volume thermal expansion). By minimizing such rotation and precession, we successfully measure the density and volume expansion coefficient of refractory liquids (tantalum, molybdenum, and niobium) with the significantly improved reproducibility and accuracy, and evaluate the uncertainties associated with the density measurement using ESL.

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Reference Correlations for the Density and Thermal Conductivity, and Review of the Viscosity Measurements, of Liquid Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten

Ntonti,

Sotiriadou,

Assael

et al. 2024

Int J Thermophys

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The available experimental data for the density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of liquid titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten have been critically examined with the intention of establishing reference correlations. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement, the technique employed, and the presentation of the data, as specified by a series of criteria. In the case of the density, new reference correlations are proposed for liquid titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, characterized by an expanded uncertainty (95 %) of 2.0 %, 2.1 %, 1.9 %, 2.2 %, 2.4 %, 2.6 %, 3.2 %, 2.1 %, and 4.1 %, respectively. The thermal conductivity reference correlations for the aforementioned liquid metals, except liquid chromium, are characterized by an expanded uncertainty (95 %) of 14.3 %, 8.4 %, 6.1 %, 11.4 %, 7.6 %, 4.0 %, 4.6 %, and 5.1 %, respectively. Finally, in the case of the viscosity, a review of the available literature shows very large deviations between data from authors for liquid titanium and zirconium, as well as a lack of measurements for the remaining melts. Hence, it is not justified to propose any kind of correlation for those cases.

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Density measurement of Ti–X (X = Cu, Ni) melts and thermodynamic correlations

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Bonding of graphite to Cu with metal multi-foils

Bonding of graphite to Cu with metal multi-foils

Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation

Reference Correlations for the Density and Thermal Conductivity, and Review of the Viscosity Measurements, of Liquid Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten

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