Density measurement of Demodex canis by qPCR and analysis of serum cytokine levels in dogs with different clinical forms of demodicosis

Gasparetto, Naiani Domingos; Almeida, Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de; França, Eduardo Luzía; Honório-França, Adenilda Cristina; Fagundes, Danny Laura Gomes; Bortolini, Juliano; Sousa, Valéria Régia Franco

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.05.003

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Regardless, the positivity increased when a greater number of areas were analysed. A similar result was observed by Gasparetto et al [16], detecting a higher number of mites in dogs with clinical demodicosis (6.2 × 10 4 copies/μl of the parasite in the generalised form and 1.2 × 10 4 copies/μl in the localised form) compared to healthy dogs, (8.7 × 10 2 copies/μl of the parasite) using the same technique.…”

Section: Morphophylogenetic Characterisation Of Demodex Canissupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The number of parasites in dogs seems to be lower in relation to humans [16]. This is likely because they are distributed throughout the fur and not concentrated in certain areas, as in the human face [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…There was no difference in serum cytokine levels between groups of diseased animals, but IL-6 was significantly higher in dogs with localised disease than in healthy animals. Thus, characterising the nonspecific inflammatory reaction that occurs shortly after tissue injury precedes the acquired immune response in the acute phase of the disease [16].…”

Section: Host-parasite Interaction Demodex Canis Versus Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely because they are distributed throughout the fur and not concentrated in certain areas, as in the human face [6,17]. Regarding the clinical manifestations of canine demodicosis, the number of mites on the skin of dogs determines the occurrence of clinical signs, but does not define the severity of the lesions [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Immuno-Pathology Aspects of Canine Demodicosis

Sousa¹,

Gasparetto²,

Almeida³

2020

Parasitology and Microbiology Research

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Canine demodicosis is a common and often severe dermatopathy of dogs. It is caused mainly by Demodex canis, a parasitic mite of the skin of dogs of the genus Demodex, of the order Acarina and family Demodecidae. This study is aimed to review the clinical-pathological presentation of canine demodicosis and the cytokine-mediated immune response to the cutaneous density of the mite. Only dogs with a defective immune response will present the disease, whether localised or generalised. Microscopically, the dermal inflammatory response is similar among dogs. Localised and generalised demodicosis and pyoderma associated with a high cutaneous density of mites are factors associated with aggravation of lesions in both forms of disease presentation. In addition, the participation of cytokines has been investigated in the induction of the immune response in the different forms of the disease. Although different research groups have invested in studies aimed at elucidating the canine demodicosis pathogenesis, there is still insufficient data to understand the important role of the host immune system in triggering clinical signs and the reproductive management is still an effective preventive method for disease perpetuation.

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Section: Morphophylogenetic Characterisation Of Demodex Canissupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Host-parasite Interaction Demodex Canis Versus Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Immuno-Pathology Aspects of Canine Demodicosis

Sousa¹,

Gasparetto²,

Almeida³

2020

Parasitology and Microbiology Research

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“…In the same study, as GDM and LDM dogs displayed significantly different TLR2, but unaltered TLR4 and TLR6 expression levels, elevated TLR2 and reduced TLR4 and TLR6 expression levels were associated with the progression of canine demodicosis and immune evasion, respectively. On the other hand, even though Demodex mites were proposed to induce IL‐6‐mediated acute‐phase cellular inflammatory response during LDM in dogs by Gasparetto et al, in a study by Kumari et al, induction and progression of primary canine demodicosis were shown to involve anti‐inflammatory pathways associated with increased cholinesterase activity . Moreover, in a study by Tani et al that compared cytokine mRNA levels between affected and control dogs, GDM dogs exhibited higher immunosuppressive TGF‐β expression levels than both control and LDM dogs, and showed reduction in IL‐5 and TGF‐β expression levels upon resolution of clinical signs .…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune mechanisms in human and canine demodicosis: A review

Gazi

Taylan-Özkan

Mumcuoglu³

2019

Parasite Immunology

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| INTRODUC TI ONDemodex mites are presumed to be saprophytic parasites of the mammalian skin, and animals including humans are usually carriers without any clinical signs of demodicosis. 1 The two Demodex species in humans, Demodex folliculorum and D brevis, are found ubiquitously in all human races without gender preference, but rarely in newborn and infrequently in children that suggests the main transmission is via physical contact. 2,3 D folliculorum is primarily found as a cluster in the hair follicle and is the predominant type in the face area, while D brevis possesses more wider distribution on the human body and found in the sebaceous gland. 2,4 In contrast, among the three Demodex species found in dogs, while the habitat of D canis and D injai are hair follicles and sebaceous glands, D cornei inhabits in stratum corneum of epidermis. 5,6 There have also been reports documenting cross-infections between humans and animals; however, the reliability of these rare case reports remains to be verified, due to the polymorphism reported in D canis and D folliculorum. [7][8][9] Clinical manifestations of demodicosis differ between humans and dogs; while it is not life-threatening in former, latter can suffer from fatal consequences. Nevertheless, since there is a close genetic relationship between D folliculorum and D canis, and demodicosis is highly prevalent in certain dog breeds while it is rarely reported in laboratory mice, dog studies are thought to provide valuable insights AbstractDemodex mites are saprophytic parasites of the mammalian skin, mostly found in or near pilosebaceous units of hairy regions. While they can be found in healthy humans and animals without causing any clinical manifestations, they were suggested to create pathogenic symptoms when they appear in high densities under favourable conditions (ie, demodicosis). Nevertheless, their role as the primary causative agent

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