Density influences the heritability and genetic correlations of fish behaviour under trawling‐associated selection

Crespel, Amélie; Miller, Toby; Rácz, Anita; Parsons, Kevin J.; Lindström, Jan; Killen, Shaun S.

doi:10.1111/eva.13279

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This offers support for our results and indicates that stopping selection might not have hampered feeding behaviour. That said, it is possible that the observed variations among selection lines are due to other factors like density (Bouffet‐Halle et al 2021 ; Crespel et al 2021a , b ) and genetic drift (Therkildsen et al 2019 ). A recent study in medaka showed that life-history divergence may not be caused by direct harvest selection but by natural density-dependent selection for a larger body-size (Bouffet‐Halle et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though we maintained a uniform density of eight fish per box right from the embryonic stage and throughout the period of experiments, there could have been variations in fish density in the holding tanks during rearing and development. These differences in population developmental density may determine the evolutionary potential of size-selection (Crespel et al 2021a ). Further, genetic drift may cause differences between the selection line replicates (Therkildsen et al 2019 ) and this may account for the variations among selection lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-selective mortality fosters ontogenetic changes in collective risk-taking behaviour in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Roy

Arlinghaus

2022

Oecologia

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Size-selective mortality is common in fish populations and can operate either in a positive size-selective fashion by harvesting larger-than-average fish or be negatively size-selective by harvesting smaller-than-average fish. Through various mechanisms (like genetic correlations among behaviour and life-history traits or direct selection on behaviour co-varying with growth rate or size-at-maturation), size-selection can result in evolutionary changes in behavioural traits. Theory suggests that both positive and negative size-selection without additional selection on behaviour favours boldness, while evolution of shyness is possible if the largest fish are harvested. Here we examined the impact of size-selective mortality on collective boldness across ontogeny using three experimental lines of zebrafish (Daniorerio) generated through positive (large-harvested), negative (small-harvested) and random (control line) size-selective mortality for five generations and then relaxed selection for 10 generations to examine evolutionarily fixed outcomes. We measured collective risk-taking during feeding (boldness) under simulated aerial predation threat, and across four contexts in presence/absence of a cichlid. Boldness decreased across ontogeny under aerial predation threat, and the small-harvested line was consistently bolder than controls. The large and small-harvested lines showed higher behavioural plasticity as larvae and developed personality earlier compared to the controls. The large-harvested line showed increased variability and plasticity in boldness throughout ontogeny. In the presence of a live predator, fish did not differ in boldness in three contexts compared to the controls, but the large-harvested line showed reduced behavioural plasticity across contexts than controls. Our results confirmed theory by demonstrating that size-selective harvesting evolutionarily alters collective boldness and its variability and plasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-selective mortality fosters ontogenetic changes in collective risk-taking behaviour in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Roy

Arlinghaus

2022

Oecologia

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“…While our knowledge on possible antagonistic evolutionary responses to harvesting increases, the role of demographic factors and impacts of adaptive evolution on the population dynamics remain poorly understood. In this special issue, Crespel et al ( 2021 ) undertook to experimentally simulate harvesting in groups of fish kept at different standardized densities to better understand the impact of fishing pressure. They particularly focused on social behaviours and their density‐dependence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results suggest that while behavioural traits such as high aggressiveness and less sociability are selected for by trawling independently of population density, the heritability of behaviours associated with fish activity and exploration change according to population density. These evolutionary responses can negatively impact social cohesion thus acting against evolved antipredator behaviours of grouping while maximizing the chances of more solitary fish to encounter predators (Crespel et al, 2021 ). Overall, Crespel et al showed that trawling adds other selective pressures to those exerted by mesh size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human‐induced evolution: Signatures, processes and mechanisms underneath anthropogenic footprints on natural systems

Baltazar‐Soares

Brans

Eizaguirre

2021

Evolutionary Applications

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The impact of human activities on the global environment has increased to such an extent that the current geological era has been coined the Anthropocene. Studies dedicated to understanding the evolutionary consequences of human-induced selection on all levels of diversity (species, populations, traits, genes) provide direct knowledge about the mechanisms underlying species' responses and their evolutionary potential. A better understanding of the effects of human-induced selection is needed to leverage evolved mechanisms to develop appropriate conservation programmes to guarantee the maintenance of healthy systems. In this special issue, we focus on different types of human-mediated selection pressures, from the direct harvesting of individuals (e.g. hunting, fishing), to the more pervasive effects of climate change.Contributions highlight the diversity of human-induced selection pressures ranging from fisheries, trophy-hunting, poaching and domestication to climate change, and pollution. With those, we question whether there are parallel evolutionary solutions across fisheries systems, whether hunting pressures alter population dynamics and population structure, and whether climate change is an evolutionary dead-end. The contributions reflect the direction of travel of the field and the solutions to mitigate the impact of human activities.

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Evolutionary implications of size-selective mortality on the ontogenetic development of shoal cohesion: a neurochemical approach using a zebrafish, Danio rerio, harvest selection experiment

Sbragaglia

Roy

Thörnqvist

et al. 2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Size-selective mortality may evolutionarily alter life-history as well as individual behavioral and physiological traits. Moreover, size-selective mortality can affect group behavioral traits, such as shoaling and collective properties (e.g., shoal cohesion), which are relevant for finding food and reducing risk of predation. Here, we present experimental evidence using selection lines of zebrafish (Danio rerio) that were exposed to positive (large-harvested), negative (small-harvested), and random (control) size-selective mortality for five generations, followed by eight generations during which harvesting was halted to remove maternal effects and to study evolutionarily fixed outcomes. We investigated changes in shoal cohesion and turnover in monoamines in zebrafish through ontogeny. To that end, we repeatedly measured inter-individual distance in groups of eight fish and the turnovers of dopamine and serotonin in brains of fish from juvenile to the adult stage at 40-day intervals. We, firstly, found that shoal cohesion was overall consistent through ontogeny at group levels suggesting the presence of collective personality. Secondly, we found a decrease in shoal cohesion through ontogeny in the small-harvested and control lines, while the large-harvested line did not show any ontogenetic change. Thirdly, the selection lines did not differ among each other in shoal cohesion at any ontogenetic stage. Fourthly, dopamine turnover increased through ontogeny in a similar way for all lines while the serotonin turnover decreased in the large-harvested and control lines, but not in the small-harvested line. The large-harvested line also had higher serotonin turnover than controls at specific time periods. In conclusion, intensive size-selective mortality left an evolutionary legacy of asymmetric selection responses in the ontogeny of shoal cohesion and the underlying physiological mechanisms in experimentally harvested zebrafish in the laboratory. Significant statement The evolution of animal behavior can be affected by human activities both at behavioral and physiological levels, but causal evidence is scarce and mostly focusing on single life-stages. We studied whether and to what extent size-selective harvesting, a common selection pattern in fisheries, can be an evolutionary driver of the development of shoal cohesion during ontogeny. We used a multi-generation experiment with zebrafish to study cause-and-effects of opposing size-selection patterns. We quantified shoal cohesion, and serotonin and dopamine turnover in the brain. We found that shoal cohesion emerged as a collective personality trait and that behavioral and physiological responses were asymmetrical with respect to the opposing selection patterns.

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Density influences the heritability and genetic correlations of fish behaviour under trawling‐associated selection

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Size-selective mortality fosters ontogenetic changes in collective risk-taking behaviour in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Size-selective mortality fosters ontogenetic changes in collective risk-taking behaviour in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Human‐induced evolution: Signatures, processes and mechanisms underneath anthropogenic footprints on natural systems

Evolutionary implications of size-selective mortality on the ontogenetic development of shoal cohesion: a neurochemical approach using a zebrafish, Danio rerio, harvest selection experiment

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