Density Gradients in Canadian Metropolitan Regions, 1971-96: Differential Patterns of Central Area and Suburban Growth and Change

Bunting, Trudi E.; Filion, Pierre; Priston, H.

doi:10.1080/0042098022000027095

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It should however be reiterated that these two groups have more access to supermarkets. This latter aspect can be explained by the geography of central areas in Canadian metropolitan regions, where, unlike some of their American counterparts, relatively high densities of services and amenities are concentrated, which tempers the environmental inequities found in regard to other elements of the urban environment (Bunting, Filion, and Priston 2002).…”

Section: Overview Of the Results And Identification Of Explanatory Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Global Environmental Equity Index in Montreal: Diagnostic and Further Implications

Carrier

Apparicio

Kestens

et al. 2016

Annals of the American Association of Geographers

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Urban living environments are known to influence human well-being and health. The literature on environmental equity focuses especially on the distribution of nuisances and resources, which, because of the unequal spatial distribution of different social groups, leads to an increased exposure to risks or to less access to beneficial elements for certain populations. Little work has been done on the multidimensionality of different environmental burdens and the lack of resources in some urban environments. This paper has two main objectives. The first objective is to construct an environmental equity index that takes into consideration seven components of the urban environment (traffic-related pollutants, proximity to major roads and to highways, vegetation, access to parks, access to supermarkets, and the urban heat island effect). The second objective is to determine whether groups vulnerable to different nuisances-namely, individuals under 15 years old and the elderly-and those who tend to be located in the most problematic areas according to the environmental justice literaturei.e. visible minorities and low-income populations-are affected by environmental inequities associated with the application of the composite index at the city block level. The results obtained by using four statistical techniques show that, on the Island of Montreal, low-income persons and, to a lesser extent, visible minorities are more frequently located in city blocks close to major roads, and with higher concentrations of NO 2 and less vegetation. Finally, the environmental equity index is significantly lower in areas with high concentrations of low-income populations in comparison with the wealthiest areas.

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Section: Overview Of the Results And Identification Of Explanatory Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Global Environmental Equity Index in Montreal: Diagnostic and Further Implications

Carrier

Apparicio

Kestens

et al. 2016

Annals of the American Association of Geographers

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“…For present purposes, we have narrowed our focus to large Canadian metropolitan areas, citing Bourne (1989) and others (eg Bourne and Simmons, 2003;Bunting et al, 2002) as authoritative sources. From this purposively narrow geographic frame of reference, we adopt the Toronto CMA, Canada's largest metropolitan region (4.7 million inhabitants in 2001), as our empirical exemplar.…”

Section: Model Validation: Comparisons With Torontomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skaburskis (1989), in turn, was able to show that larger metropolitan areas, like Vancouver, registered elevated densities in suburban zones when the scale of demand produced higher density housing and stronger planning initiatives were targeted towards controlling outward growth. Most recently, evidence of redensification in central areas has been documented in a few of Canada's census metropolitan areas (CMAs), based on analysis of urban population profiles (Bunting et al, 2002). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning in Urban Population Densities: A Spatiotemporal Model Compared with Toronto 1971–2001

Millward

Bunting

2008

Environ Plan A

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We build on the literature on population-density distributions, but translate the consensus cross-sectional progression into a three-dimensional and six-stage geographic information system (GIS) based ‘volcano’ model. Visual comparison and descriptive statistics show Toronto's recent density patterns to be very similar to those suggested by the model: the central density cluster has reversed its decline, while peripheral clusters have developed at increasing distances from downtown. Local autocorrelation (LISA) allowed areas of significant clustering and diversity to be mapped, and strong conformity was found between the model and Toronto's empirical patterns. Overall, density levels throughout the metropolitan area are homogenizing and randomizing, even while inner-city redensification and peripheral densification proceed.

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“…This variable was defined as the population by state divided by the state land area and was calculated for each year, consistent with current conceptualizations (Bunting et al, 2002). Population and state land area were obtained from the US Bureau of the Census.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of gasoline price fluctuations on lodging demand for US brand hotels

Walsh

Enz

Canina

2004

International Journal of Hospitality Management

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Analyzing US brand hotels, over a 13-year period, this study provides empirical evidence of a significant negative relationship between gasoline prices and demand for certain lodging products, controlling for economic factors (i.e. gross domestic product and population density). Applying principles from microeconomic demand theory to the literatures on gasoline price elasticities, consumer demographics and lodging demand, a set of hypotheses were devised to test the relationship between gasoline prices and lodging demand for specific hotel locations and price segments. Using fixed effects models, the results reveal that lodging demand decreases as gasoline prices rise in all segments except upper-upscale and all locations except urban areas. Hotels in midscale without food and beverage and economy market segments, in resort, suburban and highway locations, exhibit the greatest association between gasoline price shifts and demand. Implications of these findings are discussed for both hospitality research and practice. r

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Density Gradients in Canadian Metropolitan Regions, 1971-96: Differential Patterns of Central Area and Suburban Growth and Change

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Application of a Global Environmental Equity Index in Montreal: Diagnostic and Further Implications

Application of a Global Environmental Equity Index in Montreal: Diagnostic and Further Implications

Patterning in Urban Population Densities: A Spatiotemporal Model Compared with Toronto 1971–2001

The impact of gasoline price fluctuations on lodging demand for US brand hotels

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