Density Functional Theory Based Studies on the Nature of Raman and Resonance Raman Scattering of Nerve Agent Bound to Gold and Oxide-Supported Gold Clusters: A Plausible Way of Detection
Abstract:A detailed theoretical investigation has been carried out at the density functional level of theories to investigate the nature of Raman intensities of the -P=O stretching mode of a model nerve agent DFP (diisopropylfluorophosphate) when bound to different gold (Au(8), Au(20)) and oxide-supported gold (MgO...Au(4), CaO...Au(4), TiO(2)...Au(4), Al(2)O(3)...Au(4), M(16)O(16)...Au(8), and [M(16)O(15)...Au(8)](2+), M = Ca, Mg) clusters. All of these clusters and the DFP-bound clusters are fully optimized, and the … Show more
“…Raman spectroscopy has been particularly used in determining the lattice dynamics and crystallinity of several materials, such as carbon-based, , metal oxides, , and polymers. , Raman spectroscopy can also be used in a time-resolved manner to track the structural changes under in situ conditions . In particular, Raman has been useful in identifying structures, vibrational modes and molecular conformations, as well as bond orientations of organophosphorus compounds in their pure form or when adsorbed onto surfaces. − Depending on the excitation energies, laser power, signal-to-noise ratio, and integration time, many fingerprint regions could be distinguished. , For example, Choi et al showed, using principal component analysis applied to Raman spectra, that nerve agents with similar molecular structures can be easily distinguished . Wang et al.…”
This Review summarizes the recent progress made in the
field of
chemical threat reduction by utilizing new in situ analytical techniques
and combinations thereof to study multifunctional materials designed
for capture and decomposition of nerve gases and their simulants.
The emphasis is on the use of in situ experiments that simulate realistic
operating conditions (solid–gas interface, ambient pressures
and temperatures, time-resolved measurements) and advanced synchrotron
methods, such as in situ X-ray absorption and scattering methods,
a combination thereof with other complementary measurements (e.g.,
XPS, Raman, DRIFTS, NMR), and theoretical modeling. The examples presented
in this Review range from studies of the adsorption and decomposition
of nerve agents and their simulants on Zr-based metal organic frameworks
to Nb and Zr-based polyoxometalates and metal (hydro)oxide materials.
The approaches employed in these studies ultimately demonstrate how
advanced synchrotron-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and
diffraction can be exploited to develop an atomic- level understanding
of interfacial binding and reaction of chemical warfare agents, which
impacts the development of novel filtration media and other protective
materials.
“…Raman spectroscopy has been particularly used in determining the lattice dynamics and crystallinity of several materials, such as carbon-based, , metal oxides, , and polymers. , Raman spectroscopy can also be used in a time-resolved manner to track the structural changes under in situ conditions . In particular, Raman has been useful in identifying structures, vibrational modes and molecular conformations, as well as bond orientations of organophosphorus compounds in their pure form or when adsorbed onto surfaces. − Depending on the excitation energies, laser power, signal-to-noise ratio, and integration time, many fingerprint regions could be distinguished. , For example, Choi et al showed, using principal component analysis applied to Raman spectra, that nerve agents with similar molecular structures can be easily distinguished . Wang et al.…”
This Review summarizes the recent progress made in the
field of
chemical threat reduction by utilizing new in situ analytical techniques
and combinations thereof to study multifunctional materials designed
for capture and decomposition of nerve gases and their simulants.
The emphasis is on the use of in situ experiments that simulate realistic
operating conditions (solid–gas interface, ambient pressures
and temperatures, time-resolved measurements) and advanced synchrotron
methods, such as in situ X-ray absorption and scattering methods,
a combination thereof with other complementary measurements (e.g.,
XPS, Raman, DRIFTS, NMR), and theoretical modeling. The examples presented
in this Review range from studies of the adsorption and decomposition
of nerve agents and their simulants on Zr-based metal organic frameworks
to Nb and Zr-based polyoxometalates and metal (hydro)oxide materials.
The approaches employed in these studies ultimately demonstrate how
advanced synchrotron-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and
diffraction can be exploited to develop an atomic- level understanding
of interfacial binding and reaction of chemical warfare agents, which
impacts the development of novel filtration media and other protective
materials.
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