DENSITY ESTIMATES AND DAILY MORTALITY RATE EVALUATIONS OF STABLE FLY (STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)) POPULATIONS IN FIELD CAGES

Abstract

Can. In outdoor cage studies undertaken In the late summer of 1993, a method of estlmatlng the absolute density of a stable fly (Stomoxys calcctrans (L.)) population was devekoped by correlating the average number of lnsects feedlng or restlng on a catf to the total number m the cage Under the same cage conditions, where emlgratlon, Immigration, and to some extent, predat~on have been excluded, the dally mortal~ty rate of normal stable flies marked w~i h a fluorescent dye ranged from 25 3% to 27 3% dependent upon the sampling teehnlque Marker dyes have a deleterious effect on survlval but surprls~ngly gamma irradiated f l~e s suecumbed at a lower rate than normal lndlvlduals

Population Dynamics of Stable Flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) at an Organic Dairy Farm in Denmark Based on Mark-recapture With Destructive Sub-sampling

“…The mixing process during winter was facilitated by warming up the marked ßies; and 2) A decreased survival of caged stable ßies labeled with ßuorescent dusts was reported by LaBrecque et al (1975) and Williams et al (1977): In contrast, no effect was found in horn ßies (Haematobia irritans L.) and Drosophila simulans (Sturtevant) (Moth and Barker 1975, Chamberlain et al 1977, Hogsette 1983. In general, our handling of ßies resulted in relatively low mortality rates (4.4% Ϯ12.5 (SE) for the orange and 4.5% Ϯ 12.5 (SE) for the blue dust).…”

“…Attempts have been made to determine absolute population size by counting adult ßies feeding on the host animals and then dividing this number with the proportion of total time ßies spend on feeding (LaBrecque et al 1975). However, the ratio of feeding ßies was determined in screened cages, so this method has yet to be validated under Þeld conditions.…”

Field Measurements of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Demography, Fecundity, and Survival Based on Daily Trap Catches at a Beef Farm in Southern Ontario Over a 5-yr Period

“…The above estimates of survival (including ours) were derived from Þeld populations and are higher than estimates in which colony-reared ßies were exposed to Þeld conditions, for example, the daily survival rates of 0.72 and 0.77 (Berry et al 1981, Scholl 1984, respectively, mark-recapture of released colony ßies), 0.78 and 0.88 (Berry and Kunz 1977, colony stable ßies housed in outside cages), and 0.725 (SD ϭ 0.115) (LaBrecque et al 1975; Þeld-caged colony female stable ßies). Within stable ßy lab colonies, survival is higher than under Þeld conditions.…”

“…To develop effective population models for integrated pest management (IPM) of stable ßies, life history measurements are required from populations on operating farms. Because Þeld estimates can be difÞcult to obtain, many researchers (LaBrecque et al 1975, Berry and Kunz 1977, Berry et al 1981, Scholl 1984 have resorted to studies that subject ßies reared in laboratory colonies to Þeld conditions. While an improvement over laboratory derived population parameters, these can beneÞt from being compared with direct Þeld observations.…”

Does marking with fluorescent powders affect the survival or development of larval Vanessa cardui?

“…(1999) only observed dusted grasshoppers for 24 h before concluding that survival was not affected. Finally, it is difficult to evaluate the results in LaBrecque et al. (1975) and Williams et al.…”