Density-Dependent Phase Polyphenism in Nonmodel Locusts: A Minireview

Song, Ho‐Jun

doi:10.1155/2011/741769

Cited by 54 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Nymphs are green at low density but develop black and yellow markings at high density. Basic ecology and population dynamics have not been well-studied (Song, 2011). Adults move seasonally to 2,800-3,300 m elevation tracking green vegetation during the dry season of winter.…”

Section: Schistocerca Interrita (Scudder 1899) Peruvian Locustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mexico, the species is bivoltine with generations in spring and fall. The spring generation is shorter in duration (Hernández-Zul et al, 2013) and the fall generation goes into diapause as adults (Song, 2011). Nymphs are green at birth and at low density, but at high density exhibit black markings on a peach background (Hunter-Jones, 1967).…”

Section: Schistocerca Piceifrons Peruviana (Lynchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices

2019

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Connections between locusts and people date back millennia and locusts remain a major food security challenge today throughout the world. Locust biology is often linked to abiotic conditions like temperature and/or precipitation, fueling the perception that aside from active control, humans are not key players in the interaction locusts have with their environment. However, several studies have shown that land management practices like grazing heavily influences locust-human linkages. In this review we synthesize published research and reports on connections between locust outbreaks and ranching. For this, we conducted an extensive literature search using Google Scholar on the 19 species of grasshoppers that are currently considered to be locusts or non-model locusts. Species were sorted according to their feeding guilds: (1) forb-and/or tree-feeding locusts; (2) mix-feeding locusts (grasses, forbs, and/or trees); (3) grass-feeding locusts. We review their pest status, ecology, and relationship with grazing. We then discuss the overall data and draw general patterns on how locusts and locust control affect livestock grazing through various mechanisms (competition, nutritional preferences, pesticide use, nutrient cycling). We draw attention to "telecoupling" a process in which land management practices like grazing have ecological feedbacks on locust populations, which in turn affects food security in distant regions due to the migratory capacity of locusts. Finally, we present new perspectives for sustainable management practices that integrate understanding of land management.

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Section: Schistocerca Interrita (Scudder 1899) Peruvian Locustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schistocerca Piceifrons Peruviana (Lynchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices

2019

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“…However, this is not universally true and, in some species, including the species that we study here, background coloration does not affect color morph development (Valverde & Schielzeth, ). Notably the green–brown polymorphism that we address here is different from the phase polymorphism in some locusts (Song, ). The phase polymorphism is triggered by density and is mediated via juvenile hormone that coordinates changes in color along with changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior (Tanaka, Harano, Nishide, & Sugahara, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Spatial analyses of two color polymorphisms in an alpine grasshopper reveal a role of small‐scale heterogeneity

Dieker

Beckmann

Teckentrup

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Discrete color polymorphisms represent a fascinating aspect of intraspecific diversity. Color morph ratios often vary clinally, but in some cases, there are no marked clines and mixes of different morphs occur at appreciable frequencies in most populations. This poses the questions of how polymorphisms are maintained. We here study the spatial and temporal distribution of a very conspicuous color polymorphism in the club‐legged grasshopper Gomphocerus sibiricus. The species occurs in a green and a nongreen (predominately brown) morph, a green–brown polymorphism that is common among Orthopteran insects. We sampled color morph ratios at 42 sites across the alpine range of the species and related color morph ratios to local habitat parameters and climatic conditions. Green morphs occurred in both sexes, and their morph ratios were highly correlated among sites, suggesting shared control of the polymorphism in females and males. We found that in at least 40 of 42 sites green and brown morphs co‐occurred with proportions of green ranging from 0% to 70% with significant spatial heterogeneity. The proportion of green individuals tended to increase with decreasing summer and winter precipitations. Nongreen individuals can be further distinguished into brown and pied individuals, and again, this polymorphism is shared with other grasshopper species. We found pied individuals at all sites with proportions ranging from 3% to 75%, with slight, but significant variation between years. Pied morphs show a clinal increase in frequency from east to west and decreased with altitude and lower temperatures and were more common on grazed sites. The results suggest that both small‐scale and large‐scale spatial heterogeneity affects color morph ratios. The almost universal co‐occurrence of all three color morphs argues against strong effects of genetic drift. Instead, the data suggest that small‐scale migration–selection balance and/or local balancing selection maintain populations polymorphic.

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“…To our knowledge, such studies have not been attempted yet. Finally, there exist several other acridid species (e.g., Brazilian Rhammatocerus schistocercoides Rehn), which are considered borderline between grasshoppers and locusts, 6,7 and which also may have a certain potential for remote sensing applications. (1) expansion of ranges, (2) shifts in phenology, and (3) acceleration of developmental rates.…”

Section: Other Locustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locusts and remote sensing: a review

Latchininsky

2013

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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A dozen species of locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are a major threat to food security worldwide. Their outbreaks occur on every continent except Antarctica, threatening the livelihood of 10% of the world's population. The locusts are infamous for their voracity, polyphagy, and capacity for long-distance migrations. Decades of research revealed very complex bioecology of locusts. They exist in two, inter-convertible and density-dependent states, or "phases." Despite the evident progress in understanding locust behavior, our ability to predict and manage locust outbreaks remains insufficient, as evidenced by locust plagues still occurring during the 21st century. One of the main reasons is that locusts typically inhabit remote and scarcely populated areas, and their distribution ranges often spread across continents. This creates tremendous obstacles for locust population monitoring and control. Traditional ground locust surveys are inadequate to address the enormous spatial scale of the locust problem in a limited window of time dictated by the pest's development. Remote sensing (satellite information) appears a promising tool in locust monitoring. Satellite data are increasingly used for monitoring and forecasting two locust species, the desert and the Australian plague locust. However, applications of this geospatial technology to other locust species remain rare. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Density-Dependent Phase Polyphenism in Nonmodel Locusts: A Minireview

Cited by 54 publications

References 80 publications

A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices

A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices

Spatial analyses of two color polymorphisms in an alpine grasshopper reveal a role of small‐scale heterogeneity

Locusts and remote sensing: a review

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