Density and Viscosity of Glycolic, Lactic, and Malic Acid Esters

Abstract

Densities and viscosities were measured as a function of temperature for 12 esters of glycolic, dl-lactic, and dl-malic acids and linear chain alcohols C1–C5. The density and kinematic viscosity were obtained using a pycnometer and a Pinkevitch capillary viscometer in a temperature range of 293.15–363.15 K with accuracies of 0.1 and 0.35%, respectively. The obtained data were used for dynamic viscosity calculation. It was demonstrated that the viscosity–temperature dependence of esters was described by the ASTM D341 model with an average absolute relative deviation of 1%. The temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity was fitted using the Arrhenius-like equation and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) model. It was found that the adjustable parameters A and B have the similar value for compounds in one homologous series. These parameters were taken as constant for each series of esters of the corresponding acids. The dynamic viscosity–temperature dependence of esters was better described by the VFT model than the Arrhenius-like equation. The capabilities of some group-additivity methods for predicting density have been reviewed and compared with experimental results.

Solid–Liquid Equilibria, Density, Viscosity, Metastable Zone Width, and Thermal Conductivity of a Binary System of Ethylene Glycol and 1,2-Butanediol from a Coal-to-Ethylene Glycol Process

“…With the addition of BDO, the kinematic viscosity of the mixture increased gradually. This might be related to the long carbon chain of BDO . When the content of BDO reached about 10% and the temperature cooled to 263.15 K, the kinematic viscosity increased by about 20.61% compared with that of pure EG.…”

“…This might be related to the long carbon chain of BDO. 19 When the content of BDO reached about 10% and the temperature cooled to 263.15 K, the kinematic viscosity increased by about 20.61% compared with that of pure EG. As the temperature continued to decrease, the effect of BDO on the kinematic viscosity was exacerbated.…”

“…Precise and reliable SLE data are crucial for predicting the thermal behavior of the mixtures at different operation conditions. SLE of the mixtures, obtained by a solubility method combined with correlation with the classical modified Apelblat model, constitutes the investigation for the operation limitations. − Second, when the mass fraction of EG and operating temperature change, its density and kinematic viscosity also change obviously. − In industrial production, the concentration of a substance is usually determined quickly by measuring the density of the substance. The increase of kinematic viscosity will reduce the fluidity and increase the difficulty of separation and purification and its fundamental role in the design of process equipment and flow systems.…”