Density and mobility impact on MANET routing protocols in a maritime environment

Mohsin, Rabab J.; Woods, John; Shawkat, Mohammed Q.

doi:10.1109/sai.2015.7237271

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In turn, Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) have also been explored in maritime scenarios [18,19]. Work in [18] proposed a Nautical Ad hoc NETwork (NANET) in the VHF band in order to improve the range of the individual links.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the distance of the nodes to the shore, the authors proposed to employ terrestrial nodes for enabling the communications in coastal areas and the use of P2P (ad hoc) links in further areas to the shore. From a different perspective, the authors of [19] studied the impact of typical maritime traffic patterns on the performance of different MANET routing protocols. The results showed that, in some scenarios, a boat chain can be established for transporting information from a far node to the gateway on land in a multi-hop fashion, but, in other cases, some boats are isolated with no communication capabilities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats

et al. 2018

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Maritime communications are really challenging due to the adverse transmission conditions and the lack of a pre-provided infrastructure for supporting long range connectivity with land. Communications in high seas are usually covered by satellite links that are expensive and lead to high power consumption by the terminals. However, in areas closer to the shore, other communication options have been adopted for different kinds of services such as boat tracking and telemetry, data collection from moored monitoring systems, etc. In these scenarios, technologies such as cellular communications or wireless sensor networks have been employed so far; nevertheless, all of them present different drawbacks mostly related with the coverage and energy-efficiency of the system. Recently, a novel communication paradigm, so-called Low Power-Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) has gained momentum due to its interesting characteristics regarding transmission distances and end-node’s power consumption. The latter may be of great interest for ships with energetic restrictions such as small sailboats, recreational boats, or radio control ships. For that reason, in this work, we present a boat tracking and monitoring system based on LoRa (Long Range), one of the most prominent LP-WAN technologies. We provide a comprehensive overview of this communication solution as well as a discussion addressing its benefits when applied to maritime scenarios. We present the results extracted from a case of study, where real-training sessions of Optimist Class sailboats have been monitored by means of the presented architecture, obtaining good levels of coverage and link-reliability with limited power consumption. A transmission range study is also presented, demonstrating the validity of this proposal for monitoring activities inside the port or maneuvers close to the shore.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats

et al. 2018

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“…Alternatively, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have a more distributed network architecture where routing protocols do not necessarily require nodes with particular roles [122]. MANETs have already been proposed for maritime environments [109,123], but the characteristics, constraints and challenges of such environments require additional considerations such as Disruptive or Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) and different routing protocols [113,114,116]. Table 3 presents networking options used in the literature, regarding common communication technologies, and which may be applied to various types of autonomous vehicles.…”

Section: Network and Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Communication and Networks for Autonomous Marine Systems

Zolich

Palma²,

Kansanen

et al. 2018

J Intell Robot Syst

102

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The rapid development of autonomous systems and Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) create new opportunities for maritime activities. Existing autonomous systems are becoming more powerful and utilise the capabilities of several types of devices such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs)sometimes referred as Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) -, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), moored and drifting systems and, recently emerging, autonomous vessels. Their importance in providing new services in maritime environments is undeniable and the opportunity for coordinated and interconnected operations is clear. However, continuous wide integration of various technologies in maritime environments still faces many challenges. Operations may take place in remote locations, so that dependence on third-party infrastructures such as satellite communication or terrestrial communication systems must be expected. The reliability, performance, availability, and cost of such systems are important issues that need to be tackled. This work reviews the major advancements on state-of-the-art autonomous maritime vehicles and systems, which are used in several different scenarios, from scientific research to transportation. Moreover, the paper highlights how available technologies can be composed in order to efficiently and effectively operate in maritime environments. Highlights of the trade-off between autonomy and communication requirements are provided and followed by an overview of promising communication and networking technologies that could encourage the integration of autonomous systems in maritime scenarios.

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“…There are four foremost ad hoc routing protocols such as AODV, NMDC, TORA and destination sequence distance vector (DSDV). All these protocols are continually being enriched by the research community [10].As a result; a inclusive presentation calculation of ad hoc overwhelming protocols is required. This paper compares the performance of three ad hoc routing protocols namely, AODV, TORA and NMDC routing protocols using the Simulator Network version 2.…”

Section: Figure 1: Pattern Of Ad Hoc Networkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To route the PING packet its node, needs the routing protocol. The reactive based routing protocol can be considered at the rout on demand at the start of the communication network [10]. In AODV, its considered at the normalization of control overhead.…”

Section: Efficient Network Based On Broadcasting Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Energy of Mobile Pattern Ad Hoc Networks in Reactive Routing Protocols

Nirmaladevi¹,

Prabha²

2019

IJITEE

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are keenly categorized by multiform mobile affinity and dynamically altering network earth space. Wireless ad hoc multipart is a gathering of infra-structure less mobile nodes making a short-term network devoid of any centralized organization. The various ad hoc routing protocols have been recommended and fulfilled, which include Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV1), NMDC1 (Node Mobility and Density Classifier 1) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA 1). Though, simulation work has been done extensively to estimate the performance of these routing protocols, a new performance assessment is mandatory. Hence, in this paper, we perform the all-embracing simulations using Network Simulator - 2 considering the node density, node delay throughput and static scenario. Further, we evaluated the show variances to parallel the above-declared regularly used conventions. To find the consequence of web size on the performance of these protocols, we chose a scenario specifically 10 and 70 nodes, with rectangular area sizes 1500 • 2000m2. Results revealed that for specific differentials, TORA reveals enhanced performance over the two protocols, that is, NMDC and AODV. Therefore, our results are expected to enhance performance of several ad hoc networks in the future

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Density and mobility impact on MANET routing protocols in a maritime environment

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats

Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats

Survey on Communication and Networks for Autonomous Marine Systems

An Efficient Energy of Mobile Pattern Ad Hoc Networks in Reactive Routing Protocols

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