Densities of Liquid Tm2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3 Measured by an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace Onboard the International Space Station

Ishikawa, Takehiko; Koyama, Chihiro; Oda, Hirohisa; Shimonishi, Rina; Ito, Tsuyoshi; Paradis, Paul‐François

doi:10.3390/met12071126

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The computed density of liquid Er 2 O 3 and Tm 2 O 3 at 2427 °C (∼10 °C above experimental melting temperatures) is 8.20 and 8.38 g/cm 3 , respectively. These values are in remarkable agreement with the measurements recently performed at the International Space Station by in situ videography of laser heated levitated molten oxides , (8.2 ± 0.2 for Er 2 O 3 and 8.3 ± 0.1 and Tm 2 O 3 ). This renders confidence in the computational results for the average value of heat capacity of liquid Er 2 O 3 and Tm 2 O 3 at 178 ± 5 J/mol/K for the range 2427–3027 °C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation

Ushakov,

Hong,

Pavlik

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Erbium and thulium sesquioxides are the only lanthanide oxides that exhibit premelting cubic-hexagonal (C–H) phase transformation. The enthalpies of phase transitions and fusion were measured for the first time using a differential thermal analyzer calibrated by melting Y2O3. C–H transition enthalpies of Er2O3 and Tm2O3 are 48 ± 7 and 69 ± 7 kJ/mol at 2301 ± 10 and 2384 ± 14 °C, with enthalpies of fusion 59 ± 9 and 69 ± 8 kJ/mol at 2419 ± 12 and 2416 ± 20 °C, respectively. The mean linear thermal expansion of cubic phases up to transformation temperature was determined from synchrotron diffraction on laser heated aerodynamically levitated Er2O3 and Tm2O3 as (8.80 ± 0.02) and (8.74 ± 0.01) × 10–6/K, respectively. The experimental results were used to benchmark ab initio molecular dynamic computations which provided an isobaric heat capacity of 178 ± 5 J/mol/K for both liquid oxides at 2427–3027 °C. The comparable enthalpy values for premelting C–H transformation and fusion corroborate a high degree of dynamic disorder in the H phase suggesting superplasticity and ionic conductivity. The melting temperature for cubic Er2O3 and Tm2O3 obtained from ab initio molecular dynamic computations aligns with the experimentally measured temperature for the C–H transition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation

Ushakov,

Hong,

Pavlik

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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“…The density data are listed in Table 4, highlighting those of lanthanoid sesquioxides (Koyama et al, 2021;Ishikawa et al, 2022b) that have been systematically measured using the ISS-ELF (Figure 4A).…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical Property Measurements of Refractory Oxide Melts With an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace in the International Space Station

Ishikawa

Paradis²,

Koyama³

2022

Front. Mater.

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Due to their high melting temperatures and the risk of contamination from the crucibles, molten oxides which melting temperatures are above 2000 °C can hardly be processed using conventional methods. This explains that their thermophysical properties are very scarce. Containerless methods with gas flows have been developed and several thermophysical properties such as density, surface tension, and viscosity have been reported. However, the gas flow has detrimental side effects such as deformation of the sample and induction of internal flows in the molten sample, which affect the accuracy of the measurements. The electrostatic levitation furnace onboard the International Space Station (ISS-ELF), which utilizes the Coulomb force to levitate and melt samples in microgravity, has several advantages for thermophysical property measurements of refractory oxide melts. Levitation without a gas flow coupled to a reduced gravity environment minimizes the required levitation (positioning) force and reduces the deformation as well as the internal flow. This report briefly introduces the ISS-ELF facility and the thermophysical property measurement methods. The measured density, surface tension, and viscosity of molten Al2O3 are then presented and compared with the ones obtained by other methods. Finally, the measured data of refractory oxides whose melting temperatures are above 2,400 °C are summarized.

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“…Previously, an electromagnetic levitation device was installed in the International Space Station (ISS), which paves a new avenue for the long‐term stable microgravity and containerless environment [41–44] . An electrostatic levitation (ESL) furnace, developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, was launched to ISS, which mainly intended to handle the molten oxide materials that are difficult to be processed on the ground [45–47] . The space‐based ESL in China Space Station (CSS) completed its construction and has been in operation since 2021 [48] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastable Liquid Properties and Surface Flow Patterns of Ultrahigh Temperature Alloys Explored in Outer Space

Wang,

Hu,

Xie

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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The metastable liquid properties and chemical bonds beyond 2000 K remain a huge challenge for ground‐based research on liquid materials chemistry. We show the strong undercooling capability, metastable liquid properties and surface wave patterns of refractory Nb‐Si and Zr‐V binary alloys explored in space environment. The floating droplet of Nb82.7Si17.3 eutectic alloy superheated up to 2388 K exhibited an extreme undercooling of 437 K, approaching the 0.2TE threshold for homogenous nucleation of liquid‐solid reaction. The microgravity state endowed alloy droplets with nearly perfect sphericity and thus ensured the high accuracy to determine metastable undercooled liquid properties. A special kind of swirling flow was induced for liquid alloy owing to Marangoni convection, which resulted in the spiral microstructures on Zr64V36 alloy surface during liquid‐solid phase transition. The coupled impacts of surface nucleation and surface flow brought in a novel olivary shape for these binary alloys. Furthermore, the chemical bonds and atomic structures of high temperature liquids were revealed to understand the liquid properties in outer space circumstances.

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Densities of Liquid Tm2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3 Measured by an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace Onboard the International Space Station

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation

Thermophysical Property Measurements of Refractory Oxide Melts With an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace in the International Space Station

Metastable Liquid Properties and Surface Flow Patterns of Ultrahigh Temperature Alloys Explored in Outer Space

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Densities of Liquid Tm2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3 Measured by an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace Onboard the International Space Station

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er2O3 and Tm2O3 from Experiment and Computation

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er2O3 and Tm2O3 from Experiment and Computation

Thermophysical Property Measurements of Refractory Oxide Melts With an Electrostatic Levitation Furnace in the International Space Station

Metastable Liquid Properties and Surface Flow Patterns of Ultrahigh Temperature Alloys Explored in Outer Space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation

Thermal Expansion and Enthalpies of Phase Transformation and Fusion of Er₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ from Experiment and Computation