Densities of Cerebrospinal Fluid of Human Beings

Effets de la baricité de la lévobupivacaïne à 0,5 % ou de 0,75 % sur le délai d’installation d’une rachianesthésie : une étude randomisée

“…3 A generally-accepted definition of isobaricity is a mean density ± 3 SD, falling within 3 SD of the mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) density. 4,5 Therefore, 0.75% levobupivacaine can be considered as an isobaric solution at 37°C, 3,6,7 whereas 0.5% levobupivacaine behaves as either a hypo-or isobaric solution, depending on the examined population. 3 Differences in the baricity of local anesthetics have the potential for influencing the evolution and clinical profile of spinal block.…”

Isobaric Versus Hypobaric Spinal Bupivacaine for Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Lateral Position

“…Theoretically and according to these definitions, an isobaric LA solution has a baricity of 1 while hypobaric and hyperbaric solutions have baricities less than or greater than unity, respectively. Clinically, hypobaric intrathecal solutions have been defined as those with a density less than tree standard deviations below mean human CSF density (7). Green stated that the density of a LA solution must be far enough below the mean density of CSF (1.0003)…”

Effects of Intrathecal Midazolam on Postoperative Analgesia When Added to a Bupivacaine-Clonidine Mixture

“…This is most likely a result of the comparable baricity of the B-C and B-C-M intrathecal mixtures (1,005.2 kg/m 3 and 1,005.1 kg/m 3 at 25°C, respectively) and the cerebrospinal fluid (1,004 kg/m 3 at 25°C). 24 It is important to note that a direct toxic effect of midazolam on nerve fibers has been reported. [25][26][27] Hypotonicity of the intrathecally injected solution could be the principal cause of these lesions.…”