Densified delignified wood as bio-based fiber reinforcement for stiffness increase of timber structures

Koch, Sophie Marie; Grönquist, Philippe; Monney, Cyril; Burgert, Ingo; Frangi, Andréa

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107220

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, this method is not conducive to widespread application, as each structural component requires customized evaluation. (e) There is a considerable body of research aiming to utilize lignin extraction for the secondary processing of wood, thereby enhancing the compressive and tensile strength of wood fibers and upgrading the chemical composition of wood into a more advanced material [14]. However, this secondary processing not only adds to the overall cost but also transforms the nature of wood fundamentally, especially after impregnation with polyurethane composite materials.…”

Section: Introduction 1current Status and Limitations Of Timber Struc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design

Gao,

Shao,

Akbarzadeh

2023

Buildings

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Timber has long been extensively employed within the construction industry as a famous, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon material. Considering that construction constitutes one of the most significant contributors to carbon emissions throughout the entire life-cycle of a building, there is an urgent desire to incorporate timber into this domain. Nevertheless, the use of timber faces inherent challenges stemming from its anisotropic nature, a result of the natural growth of timber fibers, which makes it challenging for it to function as a primary load-bearing material in coping with the various complex stresses inherent in architectural applications. Numerous designers have attempted to address this limitation through over-sized members and reinforcement at joints; however, none have satisfactorily resolved this issue in an economical manner. In this article, we introduce the Strut-and-Tie models (STM) from Graphic Statics (GS) and a topological optimization algorithm. This algorithm has the capability to generate a ‘load-minimizing path’ STM based on external load support conditions and the maximum structural path span. Regardless of the complexity of the initial external loads, each load transfer path in the optimized STM bears loads in only one direction, representing an optimal solution with minimal internal loads that align seamlessly with the characteristics of timber. Consequently, we endeavor to adopt this optimization algorithm to propose a structural design methodology, with the aspiration of designing structural systems that harness the unique attributes of timber perfectly and applying them to various architectural scenarios. Ultimately, we conclude that structural systems designed based on optimized STM are adaptable to diverse architectural contexts, and when applied to small-scale buildings, this method can save approximately 20% of material consumption compared to conventional timber frame structures, while in the case of mid-rise to high-rise buildings, it can lead to a material savings of approximately 5%.

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Section: Introduction 1current Status and Limitations Of Timber Struc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design

Gao,

Shao,

Akbarzadeh

2023

Buildings

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“…To maximize composite action, and thus maximize the static efficiency of the TCC cross-section, a glued connection can be used. In this case, for the design of slabs, a value of (fully rigid connection) is usually assumed without the need for more precise analysis of [3,4]. In fact, a handful of previous studies analysed the load-bearing behaviour of adhesively bonded TCC using building component scale sized push-out tests [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introduction 123mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a handful of previous studies analysed the load-bearing behaviour of adhesively bonded TCC using building component scale sized push-out tests [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In 1 ETH Zurich, Institute of Structural Engineering, Switzerland 2 B3 Kolb AG, Switzerland 3 University of Stuttgart, Institute of Construction Materials, Germany 4 University of Stuttgart, Materials Testing Institute, Germany most of the cases, the push-out tests were solely used for the purpose of verification of the load bearing capacity of the adhesive bond, whereas the connection stiffness was not investigated. An exception is the study by Tannert et al [13] who reported kN/mm for a two-component epoxy adhesive (Sikadur-32 Hi-Mod).…”

Section: Introduction 123mentioning

confidence: 99%

Push-Out Tests of Wet-Process Adhesive-Bonded Beech Timber-Concrete and Timber-Polymer-Concrete Composite Connections

Füchslin,

Grönquist,

Stucki

et al. 2023

World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)

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For timber-concrete composite (TCC) elements, a stiff and rigid connection results in an enhanced shear stress transfer at the timber-concrete interface, and thus, reduces the necessary cross-section height. A full composite action can hypothetically be achieved using an adhesive connection. In this study, an adhesive system developed for a wet-process gluing of concrete to European beech glued-laminated timber (GLT) is investigated by means of push-out tests. The tests were conducted on a specimen series with three different sizes of varying shear length, and evaluated using digital image correlation (DIC). The bondline shear strengths showed a pronounced size dependency, while the connection stiffness remained similar but showed a very large variability. These findings challenge the interpretation of bondline connection properties derived from push-out tests of glued TCC elements. In addition to the wet-process adhesive system with cement-based concrete, bonding between timber and a polymer concrete was investigated as an alternative possibility for TCC.

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Biomimetics and 4D Printing: A Synergy for the Development of Innovative Materials

Di Salvo

2024

Environmental Footprints and Eco-Design of Products and Processes

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Densified delignified wood as bio-based fiber reinforcement for stiffness increase of timber structures

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design

Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design

Push-Out Tests of Wet-Process Adhesive-Bonded Beech Timber-Concrete and Timber-Polymer-Concrete Composite Connections

Biomimetics and 4D Printing: A Synergy for the Development of Innovative Materials

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