Dense Tethered Layers by the “Grafting-To” Approach

Huang, Hui; Penn, Lynn S.

doi:10.1021/ma0501444

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We recommend that S be determined to evaluate whether a ''grafting-to'' method produces a film in the brush regime. Penn and coworkers 39,40 have arguably performed some of the most systematic research on the ''grafting-to'' technique. They have reported results that suggest the ''grafting-to'' technique can produce sufficiently high grafting densities to qualify as conformationally stretched chains.…”

Section: The Definition Of a Polymer Brush By Characteristic Parametementioning

confidence: 99%

A structural definition of polymer brushes

Brittain

Minko

2007

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

565

652

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ABSTRACT:In this article, we consolidate several literature reports in an attempt to provide a structural definition of a polymer brush as a tethered polymer layer with a high grafting density of polymer chains. We will try to distinguish a brush from grafted polymer layers and coated layers and provide a reasonable approach to the description of the brush regime with a single parameter S-reduced grafting density. Furthermore, we will attempt to describe the relevance of this description to applications. This article is timely given the continuing interest relating to brushes on flat substrates, nanoparticles, and the walls of micro-channels.

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Section: The Definition Of a Polymer Brush By Characteristic Parametementioning

confidence: 99%

A structural definition of polymer brushes

Brittain

Minko

2007

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

565

652

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“…Covering the surface with active groups via a grafting to scheme has many benefits including control over the composition and size of the attached moiety [27]. However, sometimes limited surface coverage in grafting to schemes [21] might allow access of analytes to nongrafted surface, thereby disturbing the desired separation mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cation‐exchange material for protein separations based on grafting of thiol‐terminated sulfopropyl methacrylate telomers onto hydrophilized monodisperse divinylbenzene particles

Nordborg¹,

Limé²,

Shchukarev³

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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A strong cation-exchange separation material has been prepared from monodisperse divinylbenzene particles modified by a "grafting to" approach, utilizing as anchoring points epoxy groups introduced onto the surface of the particles via oxidation of residual vinyl groups. The grafted chains consisted of thiol-terminated telomers of sulfopropyl methacrylate prepared by iniferter mediated polymerization, and grafting was performed by reaction of the corresponding thiolate anion with the surface epoxy groups. Attachment through epoxy moieties that were subsequently converted into 2,3-propanediol groups increased the hydrophilicity of the polymeric particles and incubation experiments showed no signs of the proteins denaturing on the column during an extended contact time of 1 h at room temperature. The performance of the grafted material was demonstrated by the chromatographic separation of cytochrome C, lysozyme, myoglobin, and ribonuclease A, in a cation-exchange mode.

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“…Compositionally controlled, thick brush layers can be created using grafting from techniques [4,14,[17][18][19][20][21] while maintaining a high grafting density. The grafting to technique [22,23] employs polymers that are pre-synthesized and attached to the surface by chemical or physical means. Lower brush densities are expected from the grafting to technique, as the hydrodynamic volume of the individual polymer chains excludes potential grafting sites in the initial stages of attachment.…”

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confidence: 99%