Dense integration of graphene and sulfur through the soft approach for compact lithium/sulfur battery cathode

Li, Hongfei; Yang, Xiaowei; Wang, Xiaomin; Liu, Meinan; Ye, Fangmin; Wang, Jin; Qiu, Yongcai; Li, Wanfei; Zhang, Yuegang

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.01.007

Cited by 144 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…116 The high performance graphene/S hybrid was fabricated by pre-impregnating sulfur onto the graphene sheets from the redox reaction between H 2 S and GO reported previously by our group, 117 which caused a partial reduction of the GO that triggers the spatial assembly of rGO due to the amphiphilic nature of the rGO sheets. Similar to our protocal, Zhang et al also employed a graphene/sulfur hybrid by post-impregnating sulfur into a highdensity graphene monolith, 118 which showed high volumetric performance as cathode materials for Li-S batteries. The resulting hybrid has a high density with abundant ink bottle-like pores, whose structure is similar to the "shumai" with graphene skin and sulfur stuff and this structure is beneficial for the confinement of sulfur.…”

Section: C) D)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

381

220

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The volumetric performance of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, other than gravimetric performance, is attracting increasing attention due to the fast development of electric vehicles and smart devices. Carbon-based electrodes have advanced the fast development of EES devices while being limited by their low volumetric performance because of their porous structure and the resulting low density. This paper aims to clarify the importance of the volumetric performance and review the most recent progress on advanced EES devices with a high volumetric performance. Strategies for improving the volumetric performance, particularly with carbon-based materials are also proposed here. The transformation of normal low-density carbons to high-density ones through the assembly of different building blocks is highlighted as a promising remedy for this issue, and their applications in next-generation EES devices (Li-S, Li-air, Na-ion, etc.) are also discussed.

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Section: C) D)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

381

220

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, various factors prevent the practical application of Li/S batteries, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] including loss of the active sulfur material, volumetric change of the sulfur electrode, and shuttling effect between the negative and positive electrodes induced by the dissolution of intermediate polysulfi des in the electrolyte. To address these key issues, much effort has been placed on encapsulating sulfur into conductive matrixes with porous structure and/or high surface to volume ratio, such as carbon nanotubes, [ 13,14 ] porous carbon, [15][16][17] graphene, [18][19][20][21] and carbon fi bers. [ 22,23 ] For example, we previously found that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modifi ed graphene oxide (GO)−S nanocomposite cathode could signifi cantly improve the cycle life of the Li/S cells to 1500 cycles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Nitridated Graphene–Li₂S Cathodes with Stable Modulated Cycles

Qiu

Rong

Yang

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

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100

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an effective strategy for the redeposition of lithium polysulfi des due to their affi nities for these materials, which leads to significant improvement of corresponding Li/S cells.Li 2 S is a promising prelithiated cathode material with a high theoretical capacity of 1166 mA h g −1 . Unlike conventional sulfur cathode, Li 2 S cathode shrinks as it delithiates initially, producing voids for subsequent lithiation/delithiation cycling, hence protecting the electrode structure from damage. More importantly, Li 2 S can be matched with lithium metal-free anodes (such as silicon and tin), thus eliminating serious safety issues associated with the formation of "dendrites." Despite of these merits, the performance of Li 2 S-based cathode significantly lags behind its sulfur counterpart. [ 9,10,30,31 ] A key issue for the Li 2 S material seems to be in its ineffi cient activation and redeposition process. [ 32,33 ] To understand the actual electrochemical activation processes, we fi rst developed in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to study the cathode material structural changes on delithiation. The newly developed in situ SEM set-up is shown in Figure 1 a,b. A liquid cell contains one electrode with graphene and Li 2 S particles on a 50 nm thick SiN x window, and the other electrode with Li metal on Cu foil. The cell is fi lled by a liquid electrolyte (see the Experimental Section). When charged at 3.5 V, the conversion reaction from Li 2 S to polysulfi des occurs fi rst at their surfaces (Figure 1 c and Figure S1 and Movie 1, Supporting Information). We see that the Li 2 S particles on graphene become smaller and smaller upon charging due to gradual dissolution of lithium polysulfi des into the electrolyte. The phenomenon is also supported by in situ Raman spectroscopy (see Figure S2, Supporting Information). The observed phenomenon could be explained by that Li 2 S was chemically converted to soluble lithium polysulfi des upon charging. The process was further examined by in situ TEM study. A newly designed in situ TEM microchip (Figure 1 d) was fabricated and schematically shown in Figure 1 e. The main part is an Au wire, of which one end was connected to one electrode of the chip by silver paste, and the other end was glued with the graphene− Li 2 S sample. The surface of the other electrode of the chip was deposited by Li metal. The graphene−Li 2 S sample and Li metal were connected via an ionic liquid electrolyte. When charged at 3.5 V, Li 2 S particles encapsulated in the graphene gradually disappeared (Figure 1 f and Movie 2, Supporting Information). The processes could be explained by the dissolution of the generated lithium polysulfi des in the ionic liquid electrolyte. The observed The development of high-capacity cathode materials is critical for applications such as mobile devices and electric vehicles. Li/S batteries represent a promising system based on sulfurconductive additive composite as the cathode. [1][2][3][4][5] However, various factors ...

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“…Li et al used porous graphene monoliths to confine polysulfides. They successfully overcame the obstacle that bulk graphene materials are normally loosely packed, which can result in low utilization efficiency.…”

Section: Porous Cathode Architectures For Li–s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication Methods of Porous Carbon Materials and Separator Membranes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Development and Future Perspectives

et al. 2017

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Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) have a five times higher energy density than state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries and have attracted world‐wide attention. However, many inherent problems limit the practical application of Li–S batteries. Among them, the dissolution of polysulfides, which is called the “shuttle effect”, is rather severe and usually causes irreversible capacity decay. Many methods have been developed to overcome this problem, including the rational design of porous cathode hosts, modification of separators to prevent the migration of polysulfides, and the addition of transition‐metal oxides for polysulfide adsorption. Here, the various preparation methods for the development of high performance Li–S batteries are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail, shedding light on directions for further research and development in the future.

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Dense integration of graphene and sulfur through the soft approach for compact lithium/sulfur battery cathode

Cited by 144 publications

References 50 publications

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Highly Nitridated Graphene–Li₂S Cathodes with Stable Modulated Cycles

Fabrication Methods of Porous Carbon Materials and Separator Membranes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Development and Future Perspectives

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Dense integration of graphene and sulfur through the soft approach for compact lithium/sulfur battery cathode

Cited by 144 publications

References 50 publications

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Towards superior volumetric performance: design and preparation of novel carbon materials for energy storage

Highly Nitridated Graphene–Li2S Cathodes with Stable Modulated Cycles

Fabrication Methods of Porous Carbon Materials and Separator Membranes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Development and Future Perspectives

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Highly Nitridated Graphene–Li₂S Cathodes with Stable Modulated Cycles