Dense Cluster of Genes is Located at the Ecdysone-regulated 3C Puff of Drosphila melanogaster

Furia, Maria; D’Avino, Pier Paolo; Crispi, Stefania; Artiaco, Dora; Polito, Lino C.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1304

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This region harbors a wellknown cluster of genes coding for the salivary gland glue components: Sgs-4, Pig-1, ng-1, ng-2, ng-3, and ng-4. Their expression from PS1-2 to PS5 (Furia et al 1993) manifests as a puff. While the DCC is reproducibly absent from this region during the whole third instar, the PolIIo pattern appears dynamic and varies from intensive diffuse labeling of the puff material at PS1-2 to two weak sites at PS11 (Figure 2, A-D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex Binds to Polytene Chromosomes Independently of Developmental Changes in Transcription

et al. 2006

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In Drosophila, the dosage compensation complex (DCC) mediates upregulation of transcription from the single male X chromosome. Despite coating the polytene male X, the DCC pattern looks discontinuous and probably reflects DCC dynamic associations with genes active at a given moment of development in a salivary gland. To test this hypothesis, we compared binding patterns of the DCC and of the elongating form of RNA polymerase II (PolIIo). We found that, unlike PolIIo, the DCC demonstrates a stable banded pattern throughout larval development and escapes binding to a subset of transcriptionally active areas, including developmental puffs. Moreover, these proteins are not completely colocalized at the electron microscopy level. These data combined imply that simple recognition of PolII machinery or of general features of active chromatin is either insufficient or not involved in DCC recruitment to its targets. We propose that DCC-mediated site-specific upregulation of transcription is not the fate of all active X-linked genes in males. Additionally, we found that DCC subunit MLE associates dynamically with developmental and heat-shock-induced puffs and, surprisingly, with those developing within DCC-devoid regions of the male X, thus resembling the PolIIo pattern. These data imply that, independently of other MSL proteins, the RNA-helicase MLE might participate in general transcriptional regulation or RNA processing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex Binds to Polytene Chromosomes Independently of Developmental Changes in Transcription

et al. 2006

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“…We used the gradual disappearance of the ng1 transcript and the appearance of the Sgs4 transcript in salivary glands, as development proceeded (12), to place third-instar larvae into groups: early, middle, and late. Larval salivary glands were dissected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-specific lethal complex of Drosophila targets activated regions of the X chromosome for chromatin remodeling

Sass

Pannuti

Lucchesi

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex of Drosophila is responsible for the presence of a monoacetylated isoform of histone H4 (H4Ac16), found exclusively on the X chromosome of males. This particular covalent modification of histone H4 is correlated with a 2-fold enhancement of the transcription of most X-linked genes in Drosophila males, which is the basis of dosage compensation in this organism. Although widespread along the X chromosome, the MSL complex is not distributed uniformly, as can be seen by the indirect cytoimmunofluorescence staining of larval salivary-gland polytene chromosomes. This distribution pattern has been interpreted as a reflection of the tissue-specific transcriptional activity of the larval salivary gland and as an indication that the MSL complex associates with active chromatin. We have tested this hypothesis by comparing the chromosomal distribution of the complex in two different tissues. We performed this comparison by following the pattern of association of the complex at a specific site on salivary-gland chromosomes during larval development and determining whether an ectopic promoter located in a complexdevoid region of the X chromosome is able to attract the complex upon activation. Our results indicate that, in contrast to other chromatin-remodeling complexes that enhance transcription, the MSL complex targets active chromatin. In eukaryotic cells, the architectural organization of chromatin is unfavorable to the process of transcription; it must be altered for the preinitiation complex to access promoter regions and for transcription to begin. The necessary alteration in the association of DNA and nucleosomes can be achieved by the covalent modification of the N-terminal tails of histones in a manner that alters their affinity for the DNA. Such modifications include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ADP-ribosylation, and ubiquitination. Acetylation is the responsibility of multiprotein complexes that target histone acetyltransferases to their site of action in chromatin. A change in the association of DNA and nucleosomes also can be achieved by using the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. This type of chromatin remodeling is mediated by multiprotein complexes that contain an ATPaseenzymatic subunit (1-4).In Drosophila, the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is responsible for enhancing the rate of transcription of most X-linked genes in males, thereby achieving an equal level of gene products in males and females. Among its protein components, this complex includes both a histone acetyltransferase [males absent on the first (MOF)] and an adenosinetriphosphatase with demonstrated helicase activity [maleless (MLE)]; the latter feature distinguishes it from all other known chromatin complexes. Furthermore, the MSL complex contains at least one of two noncoding RNAs produced by the roX1 and roX2 (RNA on the X) genes (5-7). The function of this complex is unlikely to be the initiation of gene activity. This conclusion is derived from the observation that X-linked genes ar...

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“…The dnc (dunce) locus of Drosophila encodes a cAMP phosphodiesterase involved in memory, and six genes that have intronic locations, Sgs-4 (salivary gland specific glue protein), Pig-1 (Pre-intermoult) and ng1-4 (Chen et al, 1987;Furia et al, 1993). These six nested genes are in two large introns of the dunce gene and are oriented in both directions (Fig.…”

Section: Dunce and 6 Nested Genesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several of the six nested genes at the Drosophila dunce locus are coordinately regulated, with transcription primarily in the salivary glands (Furia et al, 1993). Similarities may be a consequence of gene duplications within the intronic regions.…”

Section: Regulation Of Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nested genes: Biological implications and use of AFM for analysis

Gibson

Thomson

Abrams

et al. 2005

Gene

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Dense Cluster of Genes is Located at the Ecdysone-regulated 3C Puff of Drosphila melanogaster

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex Binds to Polytene Chromosomes Independently of Developmental Changes in Transcription

The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex Binds to Polytene Chromosomes Independently of Developmental Changes in Transcription

Male-specific lethal complex of Drosophila targets activated regions of the X chromosome for chromatin remodeling

Nested genes: Biological implications and use of AFM for analysis

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